职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1801-1806.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2016—2024年北京市某区出生队列儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种现状及疫苗保护率分析

魏蕊, 丁爽, 孙丽波, 黄蓉, 肖雷, 唐莹()   

  1. 北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心北京 101300
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-08-22 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 唐莹
  • 作者简介:唐莹,E-mail:hittoye@163.com
    魏蕊,女,主治医师,主要从事预防接种及疫苗可控传染病监测工作。

Analysis of rotavirus vaccination status and vaccine protection rate among children born in a district of Beijing from 2016 to 2024

WEI Rui, DING Shuang, SUN Libo, HUANG Rong, XIAO Lei, TANG Ying()   

  1. Beijing Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 101300, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-08-22 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: TANG Ying

摘要:

目的 了解2016—2024年北京市某区出生儿童的轮状病毒疫苗接种现状,评估轮状病毒疫苗对轮状腹泻的预防效果。方法 对2016年1月1日—2024年12月31日期间出生儿童的基本信息、轮状病毒疫苗免疫史信息进行描述分析,采用回顾性队列研究方法评估轮状病毒疫苗保护率。结果 北京市某区2016—2024年出生儿童轮状病毒疫苗总接种率第1~3 剂次分别为34.40%、19.73%和14.17%,兰州羔羊轮状病毒疫苗(Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine,LLR)接种率第1~3 剂次分别为18.42%、4.90%和0.49%,进口口服五价人-牛重配轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine,RV5)接种率第1~3 剂次分别为22.65%、21.02%和19.38%。城区、北京市户籍儿童的LLR及RV5 接种率均高于农村、外省户籍儿童,AA和AAA级门诊高于A级门诊,RV5全程接种率高于LLR全程接种率;轮状病毒疫苗总保护率为44.10%,3剂次疫苗保护率为54.76%,高于1剂次组的34.47%和2剂次组的42.37%。结论 北京市某区儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种率和全程接种率低,轮状病毒疫苗对预防轮状病毒腹泻具有保护作用。应针对不同人群开展针对性的健康教育和个性化接种策略,积极推进轮状病毒疫苗接种工作,降低儿童轮状病毒腹泻的发病率。

关键词: 轮状病毒疫苗, 预防接种, 接种率, 全程接种率, 疫苗保护率, 轮状病毒腹泻

Abstract:

Objective To understand the vaccination status of rotavirus vaccine among children born in a district of Beijing from 2016 to 2024,so as to evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in preventing rotavirus diarrhea. Methods A descriptive analysis was performed on the basic information and rotavirus vaccine immunization history of children born from January 1,2016 to December 31,2024,and a retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the protection rate of rotavirus vaccine. Results From 2016 to 2024,the total vaccination rates of the first to third doses of rotavirus vaccine were 34.40%,19.73% and 14.17%,respectively. The coverage rates of Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine(LLR) were 18.42%,4.90% and 0.49%,respectively. The coverage rates of the first to third doses of imported oral pentavalent human-bovine reassort ant rotavirus vaccine(RV5) were 22.65%,21.02% and 19.38%,respectively. The coverage rates of LLR and RV5 among urban and Beijing residents were higher than those among rural and other provincial children. The coverage rates of RV5 in AA and AAA clinics were higher than those in A clinic. The full coverage rate of RV5 was higher than that of LLR. The overall protection rate of rotavirus vaccine was 44.10%,and the protection rate of three-dose vaccine was 54.76%,which was higher than that of one-dose vaccine 34.47% and two-dose vaccine 42.37%. Conclusion The coverage rate and the full vaccination rate of rotavirus vaccine are low among children in a district of Beijing,and rotavirus vaccine has a protective effect against rotavirus diarrhea. It is necessary to carry out targeted health education and personalized vaccination strategies for different groups,and actively promote the vaccination of rotavirus to reduce the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in children.

Key words: Rotavirus vaccine, Vaccination, Vaccination rate, Full coverage rate, Vaccine effectiveness, Rotavirus diarrhea

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