职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1812-1816.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年天津市流动人口聚集区免疫规划疫苗接种率调查与2级质控评估

曲江文, 苏菁洋, 丁亚兴, 张国平, 吴小丽, 张颖()   

  1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-02 修回日期:2026-01-16 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 张颖
  • 作者简介:张颖,E-mail:cdczhangying@sina.com
    曲江文,男,副主任医师,主要从事免疫规划与传染病预防控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市医学重点发展学科流行病学(传染病预防与控制)(TJYXZDXK-3-004D);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目

Survey on vaccination rate of the expanded program on immunization in migrant concentration areas of Tianjin in 2024 and two-level quality control evaluation

QU Jiangwen, SU Jingyang, DING Yaxing, ZHANG Guoping, WU Xiaoli, ZHANG Ying()   

  1. Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-12-02 Revised:2026-01-16 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: ZHANG Ying

摘要:

目的 了解天津市流动人口聚集区适龄儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率,发现日常管理的薄弱环节,为制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法 2024年2—11月,采用街道(乡镇)自查以及区级复核和市级抽查的两级质控评估方式,在流动人口聚集区的街道(乡镇)随机入户,调查适龄儿童的免疫规划疫苗接种情况。结果 街道(乡镇)自查阶段的建卡率、建证率和卡证符合率分别为99.84%、99.81%和99.89%。区级复核和市级抽查阶段的建卡率、建证率和卡证符合率均为100.00%。除了街道(乡镇)自查阶段MenA+C2和Var2合格接种率(94.72%和94.87%)、区级复核阶段Var2合格接种率(94.97%)以及市级抽查阶段DTP4合格接种率(93.96%)略低外,其他所有剂次的免疫规划疫苗的合格接种率均≥95%。除了MMR2、MenA1、JEV-L1和DT外,2级调查的接种率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。市级抽查过程中,共抽查182名适龄儿童,发现 11剂次未接种疫苗,未种的主要原因是接种禁忌(72.73%);发现51剂次接种不合格,不合格接种原因主要是超期接种(98.04%)。结论 天津市流动人口聚集区免疫规划疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,需进一步加强预防接种服务精细化管理,进一步提升免疫规划工作质量。基层自查与上级质控相结合的调查方法和质控模式亦可为同类地区的评估工作提供参考。

关键词: 免疫规划, 疫苗, 接种率, 儿童, 调查, 质量控制

Abstract:

Objective To understand the vaccination rate of age-eligible children on the expanded program on immunization(EPI) in migrant concentration areas of Tianjin,identify weaknesses in routine management,and provide a scientific basis for formulating immunization strategies. Methods From February to November 2024,initial self-inspection was carried out at the sub-district or township level,followed by two-tier quality control involving verification at the district level and municipal spot checks. Random household interviews were set up in streets(townships) in selected migrant concentrated areas to investigate vaccination rate on the EPI among age-eligible children. Results At the self-inspection stage,the rates of card registration,certificate issuance,and card-certificate consistency were 99.84%,99.81% and 99.89%,respectively. In the district re-checking and municipal spot-checking stages, all above three indicators reached 100.00%. Except for the slightly lower qualified vaccination rates of MenA+C2 and Var2(94.72% and 94.87%) during the sub-district/township self-inspection stage,that of Var2(94.97%) during the district-level re-check stage,and that of DTP4(93.96%) during the municipal spot-check stage,all other doses of EPI vaccines achieved a qualified vaccination rate of ≥95%. Except for MMR2,MenA1,JEV-L1,and DT,there were no statistically significant differences in vaccination rates among the two-level surveys(allP>0.05). During the municipal spot-check of 182 children,11 doses had not been administered;contraindications accounted for 72.73% of these missed doses. Among 51 doses classified as non-qualified,98.04% were due to delayed administration. Conclusion The vaccination rate of the EPI in migrant concentration areas of Tianjin remains at a high level. Further efforts are needed to enhance the refined management of vaccination services and further improve the quality of the EPI work. The survey method and quality control model,which combine self-inspection at the grassroots level and quality control at the higher level,can also serve as a reference for evaluations in similar regions.

Key words: Expanded program on immunization, Vaccine, Vaccination rate, Children, Survey, Quality control

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