职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 1831-1835.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

克拉玛依市各类公共场所室内PM10和PM2.5污染物特征及健康风险评估

徐曼, 黄立娟, 王银, 施海云, 吴德, 刘红瑛()   

  1. 克拉玛依市疾病预防控制中心(克拉玛依市卫生监督所)新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-08-07 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 刘红瑛
  • 作者简介:刘红瑛,E-mail:513162457@qq.com
    徐曼,女,实验师,主要从事环境危害因素检测与风险评估工作。
  • 基金资助:
    克拉玛依市创新环境建设计划软科学项目(2024hjrkx 0011)

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of indoor PM10 and PM2.5 in various public places in Karamay City

XU Man, HUANG Lijuan, WANG Yin, SHI Haiyun, WU De, LIU Hongying()   

  1. Karamay Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Karamay Health Inspection Institute)KaramayXinjiang 834000, China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-08-07 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: LIU Hongying

摘要:

目的 了解克拉玛依市各类公共场所室内可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM10)和细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)的污染特征及健康风险,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样法,于2022—2024年对6类公共场所进行PM10和PM2.5监测,依据国家标准评价浓度水平,运用健康风险评估模型中危害商(hazard quotient,HQ)分析非致癌风险。结果 室内PM10和PM2.5浓度中位数分别为32和23 μg/m3,整体低于国家标准限值,但场所存在显著差异,其中理发店浓度最高,PM2.5超标现象普遍,2022年理发店超标率达51.7%。季节分析显示,理发店冬季颗粒物浓度高于春季,其余场所则呈现春季浓度更高,推测与当地气候特征相关。PM2.5对PM10的贡献率达72.4%,且二者浓度呈高度正相关(r=0.854,P<0.01)。健康风险评估表明,6类场所PM2.5HQ>1的监测点占比均超过70%,从业人员面临较高健康风险。结论 克拉玛依市公共场所室内PM10和PM2.5存在显著场所和季节差异,与当地干旱气候及石油工业背景相关,需加强PM2.5监测并制定针对性防控措施。

关键词: 克拉玛依市, 公共场所, 空气颗粒物, 污染特征, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To understand the pollution characteristics and health risks of inhalable particulate matter(PM10) and fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in various public places in Karamay City,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Using the stratified random sampling method,PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring was conducted in six types of public places from 2022 to 2024. The concentration levels were evaluated based on national standards,and the non-carcinogenic risk was analyzed using the hazard quotient(HQ) in the health risk assessment model. Results The median indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 32 and 23 μg/m3,respectively,both below the national standard limits,but significant variations were observed across different venues,with barbershops exhibiting the highest concentrations. PM2.5 exceedances were widespread,with a 51.7% exceedance rate in barbershops in 2022. Seasonal analysis revealed that particulate matter concentrations in barbershops were higher in winter than in spring,while other places showed higher concentrations in spring,which might be attributed to local climatic characteristics. PM2.5 accounted for 72.4% of PM10,and their concentrations were highly positively correlated(r=0.854,P<0.01). Health risk assessment indicated that in all six types of places,over 70% of the monitoring points had aHQ for PM2.5 exceeding 1,suggesting that workers in these environments faced elevated health risks. Conclusion Indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in public places in Karamay City have significant differences in places and seasons,which is related to the local arid climate and petroleum industry. It is necessary to strengthen PM2.5 monitoring and formulate targeted prevention and control measures.

Key words: Karamay City, Public places, Airborne particulate matter, Pollution characteristics, Health risk assessment

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