关键词: 职业性尘肺病, 煤工尘肺, 七里河区, 流行病学特征, Cox回归模型, 生存分析

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Qilihe District of Lanzhou City from 1964 to 2023，and analyze the survival time and possible influencing factors，so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for pneumoconiosis. Methods Data on pneumoconiosis cases in Qilihe District of Lanzhou City from 1964 to 2023 was collected from the occupational disease case and follow-up module of the Occupational Disease and Health Hazards Monitoring Information System. Describing the epidemiological characteristics，and applying the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis model to conduct survival analysis. Results From 1964 to 2023，a total of 302 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Qilihe District of Lanzhou City，the majority were males. The types of pneumoconiosis included five categories，with coal pneumoconiosis being the most common，accounting for 63.91%，followed by silicosis，accounting for 29.47%. First stage accounted for the largest proportion，at 71.52%. The types of enterprises were mainly state-owned，accounting for 56.95%. Industry types were mainly coal mining and washing，accounting for 72.85%. There were statistically significant differences in the types of enterprises and industries among different types of pneumoconiosis（χ²=70.573， 200.771，bothP<0.05）. The average duration of dust exposure of pneumoconiosis patients was （27.37±8.82）years，and the average age at first diagnosis was （55.65±10.95）years. There was no statistically significant difference in the average duration of dust exposure among different types of pneumoconiosis（F=1.821，P>0.05），but there was statistically significant difference in the average age at first diagnosis（F=8.558，P<0.05）. The Cox proportional hazards regression model results showed that the type of pneumoconiosis and the duration of dust exposure were risk factors affecting the survival of pneumoconiosis patients. Conclusion The traditional dust hazards still exist in Qilihe District of Lanzhou City. The government supervisory departments should increase their special governance efforts of dust hazards in the coal mining and washing industry，the employers should fulfill their main responsibilities to prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis，and the workers also need to enhance health awareness of themselves.

Key words: Occupational pneumoconiosis, Coal pneumoconiosis, Qilihe District, Epidemiological characteristics, Cox regression models, Survival analysis