职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 1964-1968.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2013—2023年铜仁市流行性感冒流行特征分析

杨晓婷, 李建华(), 张俊丽, 严晓旭, 罗进   

  1. 铜仁市疾病预防控制中心贵州 铜仁 554300
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 通信作者: 李建华,E-mail:2607217749@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨晓婷,女,主管技师,主要从事微生物检验工作。

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of influenza in Tongren City from 2013 to 2023

YANG Xiaoting, LI Jianhua(), ZHANG Junli, YAN Xiaoxu, LUO Jin   

  1. Tongren Center for Disease Control and PreventionTongrenGuizhou 554300, China
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2025-11-03 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-16
  • Contact: LI Jianhua,E-mail:2607217749@qq.com

摘要:

目的 基于2013—2023年铜仁市流行性感冒(流感)监测数据及资料,分析铜仁市流感流行病学及病原学特征,总结铜仁市流感流行规律,为预防和控制流感提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析2013—2023年铜仁市流感的流行病学特征。结果 2013—2023年铜仁市共报告流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)69 878例,ILI%为4.78%,流行趋势呈全年普遍流行,季节性不明显,偶出现夏季高峰,总体呈波浪式起伏趋势,不同年度ILI%差异有统计学意义(χ2=37 255.922,P<0.01),ILI在不同年龄组构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=15 258.087,P<0.01)。2013—2023年共对13 420份样本进行核酸检测,其中核酸阳性标本有1 918份,阳性检出率为14.29%,不同年份、年龄组及月份流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=333.566、737.266和647.154,均P<0.01),主要以甲、乙型流感病毒共同流行为主,甲型主要流行季节性流感H3亚型和新甲H1,乙型流感主要以Victoria为主。5~<15岁年龄组流感核酸阳性数量占比最高为35.92%,其次是15~<25岁年龄组,占比24.45%;流感病例按月分布,主要在11月至次年7月流行水平较高,高峰集中在12月至次年4月;不同性别流感病毒核酸检测阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论 针对铜仁市流感流行状况,在流感流行前做好流感预警预测等防控措施,鼓励民众接种4价流感疫苗预防,也可采取积极的非药物干预措施降低流感活动水平。

关键词: 流行性感冒, 流行特征, 监测, 季节性, 核酸检测, 防控措施

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Tongren City based on the surveillance data and information of influenza in Tongren from 2013 to 2023,summarize the epidemic regular of influenza in Tongren,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Tongren from 2013 to 2023. Results A total of 69 878 influenza like illness(ILI) were reported in Tongren from 2013 to 2023,the ILI% was 4.78%.The epidemic trend was general prevalence throughout the year,with no obvious seasonality,and occasional peak in summer,and the overall pattern fluctuated in waves.There was a statistically significant difference in ILI% in different years(χ2=37 255.922,P<0.01),and there was a statistically significant difference in ILI composition among different age groups(χ2=15 258.087,P<0.01). From 2013 to 2023,a total of 13 420 samples were tested for nucleic acid,of which 1 918 were positive,with a positive detection rate of 14.29%,and there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of influenza virus among different years,age groups,and months(χ2=333.566,737.266, 647.154,all P<0.01). Influenza A and B viruses were mainly co-epidemic,seasonal influenza H3 subtype and new H1N1 were prevalent in influenza A,and Victoria was the main type of influenza B. The number of positive influenza nucleic acid in 5-<15 years old group was the highest(35.92%),followed by 15-<25 years old group(24.45%). According to the monthly distribution of influenza cases,the epidemic level was higher from November to July of the following year,and the peak was concentrated from December to April of the following year. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid testing between males and females(P>0.05). Conclusion In view of the epidemic situation of influenza in Tongren City,the prevention and control measures such as influenza early warning and prediction should be taken before the influenza epidemic,encouraging people to take 4-valent influenza vaccine,and positive non-drug intervention measures can also be taken to reduce the level of influenza activity.

Key words: Influenza, Epidemic characteristics, Surveillance, Seasonality, Nucleic acid detection, Prevention and control measures

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