职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3127-3131.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2024年淮安市高温热浪事件对人群死亡风险评估

骆善彩1, 张梦楠1, 徐梦颖2, 吴鑫宇3, 孙中明1(), 葛恒康1()   

  1. 1 淮安市疾病预防控制中心江苏 淮安 223001
    2 淮安市气象局江苏 淮安 223001
    3 江苏省淮安环境监测中心江苏 淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2026-01-15 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 孙中明,E-mail:10668201@qq.com;葛恒康,E-mail: 49912468@qq.com
  • 作者简介:骆善彩,男,副主任医师,主要从事环境流行病学与健康风险评估工作。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省卫健委预防医学课题(Ym2023023);淮安市自然科学研究计划(联合专项)卫生健康类科研项目(HABL202249)

Assessment of the mortality risk of heatwaves in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2024

LUO Shancai1, ZHANG Mengnan1, XU Mengying2, WU Xinyu3, SUN Zhongming1(), GE Hengkang1()   

  1. 1 Huai'an Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuai'anJiangsu 223001, China
    2 Huai'an Meteorological BureauHuai'anJiangsu 223001, China
    3 Huai'an Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu ProvinceHuai'anJiangsu 223001, China
  • Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2026-01-15 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: SUN Zhongming,E-mail:10668201@qq.com;GE Hengkang,E-mail:49912468@qq.com

摘要:

目的 研究淮安市高温热浪事件对居民死亡的健康影响,评估归因于高温热浪事件的超额死亡风险。方法 收集2017年1月—2024年12月淮安市每日死亡人数及同期气象、大气污染物数据,采用时间分层病例交叉研究分析高温热浪事件对居民死亡的健康影响,并采用健康风险评估模型评估归因于高温热浪事件的超额死亡人数。结果 2017—2024年淮安市共发生高温热浪事件31次,共计339天。广义相加模型(generalized additive models,GAM)研究发现,相比非高温热浪期,2017—2024年高温热浪事件导致非意外死亡、循环系统死亡、呼吸系统死亡增加值分别为5.198%、8.757%和13.333%,归因于高温热浪事件非意外死亡、呼吸系统死亡和循环系统死亡人数合计分别为1 402、929和423例。分层分析显示,高温热浪事件对女性和≥75岁老年人死亡具有更高的发生风险。结论 淮安市高温热浪事件显著增加居民的死亡风险,并且对呼吸系统疾病患者作用更加明显,女性和≥75岁老年人是高温热浪事件的脆弱人群。

关键词: 高温热浪, 死亡, 时间分层病例交叉研究, GAM模型, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To explore the health impact of heatwaves on resident deaths in Huai'an City and assess the excess death risk attributable to heatwave events. Methods Daily death counts,meteorological data,and air pollutant data were collected in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2024. A stratified case-crossover study was used to analyze the health impact of heatwaves on resident deaths,and a health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate the excess deaths attributable to heatwaves. Results From 2017 to 2024,there were 31 heatwave events in Huai'an City,totaling 339 days. Generalized additive models(GAM) showed that compared with non-heatwave periods,heatwaves led to increases in non-accidental deaths,circulatory system deaths,and respiratory system deaths from 2017 to 2024 by 5.198%,8.757%,and 13.333%,respectively. The numbers of non-accidental deaths,circulatory system deaths,and respiratory system deaths attributable to heatwave events were 1 402,929 and 423 cases,respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that heatwaves posed a higher death risk for females and elderly people aged ≥75 years. Conclusion Heatwaves in Huai'an City significantly increase the death risk of residents,with a more pronounced effect on patients with respiratory diseases. Females and elderly people aged ≥75 years are vulnerable groups to heatwaves.

Key words: Heatwave, Death, Time-stratified case-crossover study, Generalized additive models, Health risk assessment

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