职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1225-1230.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度现状及影响因素分析

张世晴1, 杨秀木1(), 邓曼2, 徐雪君1   

  1. 1.蚌埠医科大学,安徽 蚌埠 233030
    2.安徽医科大学,安徽 合肥 230601
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-08-01 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通信作者: 杨秀木,E-mail:0700013@bbmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张世晴,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为老年与慢性病管理。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(AHSKY2023D048);安徽省教育厅哲学社会科学重大项目(2024AH040341);安徽省研究生创新项目(2024cxcysj175&Byycx24128);蚌埠市社科重点项目(BB2025A018)

Analysis on current status and influencing factors of self-management activeness among community-dwelling elderly patients with chronic diseases

ZHANG Shiqing1, YANG Xiumu1(), DENG Man2, XU Xuejun1   

  1. 1. Bengbu Medical University,Bengbu,Anhui 233030,China
    2. Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-08-01 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: YANG Xiumu,E-mail:0700013@bbmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 了解合肥市社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度现状并分析其影响因素,为促进患者自我管理积极度干预提供参考依据。方法 2023年8—11月采用横断面调查设计,选取合肥市3所社区卫生服务中心就诊的317名老年慢性病患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、公众健康积极指数量表、疾病接受度量表、社会支持评定量表、艾森克人格问卷量表中国版进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度得分为(69.28±17.54)分;不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住方式、人格类型、户外环境感知、共病数量、自评健康、近1年因慢性病住院次数的社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度与疾病接受度、社会支持均呈正相关(r=0.787、0.615,均P<0.01)。年龄、文化程度、疾病接受度、社会支持均是社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 合肥市社区老年慢性病患者自我管理积极度总体处于低水平,未来初级卫生保健人员可结合患者的年龄、文化程度、疾病接受度、社会支持情况,制定精准、系统的自我管理积极度干预策略,改善健康结局,促进成功老龄化。

关键词: 社区, 老年人, 慢性病, 自我管理, 患者积极度, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of self-management activation among community-dwelling elderly patients with chronic diseases in Hefei City and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a reference basis for interventions aimed at promoting self-management activation among patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was conducted from August to November 2023,317 elderly patients with chronic diseases who visited three community health service centers in Hefei City were selected as the research subjects. The survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,the consumer health activation index scale,acceptance of illness scale,social support rating scale,and the Chinese version of the Eysenck personality questionnaire,and the data were analyzed. Results The self-management activeness score of community-dwelling elderly patients with chronic diseases was (69.28±17.54)points. Self-management activation was significantly associated with age,education level,marital status, living arrangements,personality type,perception of outdoor environment,number of comorbidities,self-rated health,and number of hospitalizations for chronic diseases in the past year were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The self-management activation of elderly patients with chronic diseases in the community was positively correlated with acceptance of illness and social support(r=0.787,0.615,both P<0.01). Age,education level,acceptance of illness,and social support were significant influencing factors of self-management activation among community-dwelling elderly patients with chronic diseases(all P<0.05). Conclusion The overall level of self-management activation among community-dwelling elderly patients with chronic diseases in Hefei City is low. In the future,primary healthcare providers can develop precise and systematic self-management activation intervention strategies tailored to patients' age,education level,acceptance of illness and social support to improve health outcomes and promote successful aging.

Key words: Community, Elderly, Chronic disease, Self-management, Patient activation, Influencing factors

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