职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1244-1249.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年芜湖市市区饮用水中消毒副产物水平及健康风险评估

沈登辉1, 丁刘君1, 许珉1, 常乾1, 宋健2   

  1. 1.芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽 芜湖 241000
    2.安徽医科大学,安徽 合肥 230032
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 作者简介:沈登辉,男,副主任医师,主要从事环境与职业卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42405190);芜湖市华佗计划卫生高层次人才项目(芜卫组[2021]134号)

Level and health risk assessment of disinfection byproducts in drinking water in urban area of Wuhu City in 2024

SHEN Denghui1, DING Liujun1, XU Min1, CHANG Qian1, SONG Jian2   

  1. 1. Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhu,Anhui 241000,China
    2. Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230032,China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-08-25 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-05-22

摘要:

目的 调查芜湖市市区饮用水中6种消毒副产物浓度水平,描述其分布特征,评估其对人群健康风险。方法 分别于2024年枯水期和丰水期采集芜湖市市区出厂水、末梢水(不含二次供水)、二次供水共100份水样进行检测,并采用WS/T 777—2021《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》从经口饮水暴露途径计算致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果 芜湖市市区饮用水中除三溴甲烷外,其余5种消毒副产物均有检出,均未超过国家标准,其中三氯甲烷为首要污染物,其余物质不同水期污染物浓度、排位均有所变化。芜湖市饮用水中消毒副产物总致癌风险枯水期为2.0×10-5~7.6×10-5、丰水期为1.3×10-5~3.5×10-5,非致癌风险为7.2×10-2~4.0×10-1,其中致癌风险以枯水期三氯乙酸、一氯二溴甲烷和丰水期二氯一溴甲烷、二氯乙酸贡献最大,非致癌风险以三氯甲烷贡献最大。结论 芜湖市市区饮用水中消毒副产物终身致癌风险和非致癌风险均在可接受水平,应重点关注枯水期三氯乙酸、一氯二溴甲烷和丰水期二氯一溴甲烷和二氯乙酸暴露的致癌健康风险,保障人群饮水安全。

关键词: 饮用水, 消毒副产物, 三卤甲烷, 卤乙酸, 致癌风险, 非致癌风险

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the concentration levels and distribution characteristics of six disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water of urban area in Wuhu City,evaluate their potential health risks to the population. Methods Totally 100 water samples were collected from source water,terminal water(excluding secondary water supply),and secondary water supply during the dry season and rainy season in urban area of Wuhu City in 2024. Using WS/T 777-2021 Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances,the carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks via oral exposure routes were calculated. Results Except for tribromomethane,all five DBPs were detected in drinking water of urban area in Wuhu City with concentrations below national standards. The tribromomethane was the predominant pollutant,while seasonal variations in contaminant levels and rankings were observed among other substances. The total carcinogenic risks of disinfection byproducts in drinking water of Wuhu City was 2.0×10-5-7.6×10-5 in dry season and 1.3×10-5-3.5×10-5 in rainy season,and the non-carcinogenic risk was 7.2×10-2-4.0×10-1. The carcinogenic risks were the highest during the dry season with trichloroacetic acid and dichlorodibromomethane,and during the rainy season with dichlorobromomethane and dichloroacetic acid,while the trichloromethane contributed the most to non carcinogenic risks. Conclusion The lifelong carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by disinfection byproducts in drinking water of urban area in Wuhu City are within acceptable levels,and it is necessary to focus on the carcinogenic health risks of exposure to trichloroacetic acid and dichlorodibromomethane during the dry season,and dichlorobromomethane and dichloroacetic acid during the rainy season,to ensure the safety of drinking water for the population.

Key words: Drinking water, Disinfection byproducts, Trihalomethanes, Aloacetic acids, Carcinogenic risk, Non-carcinogenic risk

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