职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 1250-1254.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于健康信念模式的男医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析

张思怡1, 马少伟1, 白伟2, 宋珈斌1, 宋美勤1()   

  1. 1.新疆医科大学,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2.第八师石河子市妇幼保健院,新疆生产建设兵团第八师,新疆 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-29 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通信作者: 宋美勤,E-mail:meiqin_sonc@xjmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张思怡,女,在读本科生。
  • 基金资助:
    国家级一流本科专业预防医学专业建设点

Analysis on HPV vaccination willingness and its influencing factors in male medical students based on health belief mode

ZHANG Siyi1, MA Shaowei1, BAI Wei2, SONG Jiabin1, SONG Meiqin1()   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China
    2. Eighth Division Shihezi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China
  • Received:2025-06-29 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: SONG Meiqin,E-mail:meiqin_sonc@xjmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 调查男医学生对人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)及疫苗的认知现状,并基于健康信念模式分析其接种意愿的影响因素,为制定有效提升男医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿的健康教育干预策略提供参考依据。方法 于2024年4—7月通过自制《HPV疫苗认知及接种意愿影响因素调查表》,采用方便抽样法依据纳入及排除标准对新疆某医学院校本科阶段的496名男医学生进行问卷调查,并对数据进行整理与分析。结果 男医学生对HPV及疫苗认知总均分为(10.79±2.55)分,74.20%的男医学生听说过HPV疫苗,且疫苗接种意愿为57.26%。健康信念各维度与HPV疫苗接种意愿差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);通过进一步回归分析,月生活费、HPV认知程度、感知障碍、行动线索、自我效能等因素均与男医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿相关(均P<0.05),其中月生活费、HPV认知程度、自我效能呈显著正相关,感知障碍、行动线索呈显著负相关。结论 男医学生对HPV及疫苗的认知水平尚可,但仍需进一步提升,疫苗接种意愿也有待提升。基于健康信念模式,采用消除接种障碍、增加行动线索、提升自我效能等针对性的健康教育干预策略,对于提高男医学生HPV疫苗接种意愿具有重要意义。

关键词: 男医学生, 人乳头瘤病毒, 人乳头瘤病毒疫苗, 接种意愿, 健康信念模式, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current awareness level of male medical students towards human papilloma virus(HPV) and its vaccine,and analyze the influencing factors of their vaccination willingness based on the health belief mode,providing a reference for developing effective health education intervention strategies to enhance HPV vaccination willingness. Methods Between April and July 2024,a self-designed questionnaire titled Survey on HPV Vaccine Knowledge and Factors Influencing Vaccination Intentions was administered to 496 male medical students in the undergraduate programme at a medical college in Xinjiang using convenience sampling,in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were then organized and analyzed. Results The overall average score for male medical students' awareness of HPV and its vaccine was (10.79±2.55)points. 74.20% of the male medical students had heard of the HPV vaccine,and their vaccination willingness was 57.26%. The statistically significant differences were observed in various dimensions of the health belief model and HPV vaccination willingness(all P<0.05). Further regression analysis revealed that monthly living expenses,level of HPV awareness,perceived barriers,cues to action,and self-efficacy were correlated with male medical students' HPV vaccination willingness(all P<0.05). Among these factors,monthly living expenses,level of HPV awareness,and self-efficacy showed significant positive correlations,while perceived barriers and cues to action demonstrated significant negative correlations. Conclusions The male medical students have an acceptable level of awareness towards HPV and its vaccine,but further enhancement is still needed,and their vaccination willingness also requires improvement. Based on the health belief mode,adopting targeted health education intervention strategies such as eliminating vaccination barriers,increasing cues to action,and enhancing self-efficacy is of great significance in increasing male medical students' HPV vaccination willingness.

Key words: Male medical students, Human papillomavirus(HPV), HPV vaccine, Vaccination willingness, Health belief mode, Influencing factors

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