职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 24-31.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020年惠州市企业噪声危害现状调查

姚卓城, 叶春嫦, 游春年, 刘嘉勇, 陈立森   

  1. 惠州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测科,广东 惠州 516001
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10 修回日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2026-03-11
  • 作者简介:姚卓城,男,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    惠州市科技计划项目(20220417)

Investigation on current situation of noise hazards in enterprises in Huizhou City in 2020

YAO Zhuocheng, YE Chunchang, YOU Chunnian, LIU Jiayong, CHEN Lisen   

  1. Department of Occupational Health Evaluation and Testing, Huizhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Huizhou Guangdong, 516001, China
  • Received:2023-05-10 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-01-01 Published:2026-03-11

摘要: 目的 调查2020年惠州市工作场所噪声危害分布现状,为预防控制职业噪声危害提供科学依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法,收集2020年惠州市7个县区的5 407家企业工作场所噪声危害现状资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 受调查的5 407家企业中,工作场所噪声超标企业数为761家,超标率为14.07%;岗位噪声超标率为16.88%(2 694/15 963),场所噪声超标率为18.84%(1 944/10 316);噪声危害接触人数共计117 351人,接触率为23.58%(117 351/497 691),职业病危害申报率为17.66%(955/5 407);接噪人员噪声健康检查率为69.16%(81 159/117 351),噪声健康检查异常率为1.01%(817/81 159);企业主要负责人职业健康培训率为55.41%(2 996/5 407),管理人员培训率为28.50%(1 541/5 407),接害人员培训率为60.40%(112 605/186 443)。综合噪声超标情况、噪声接触与申报情况、接噪人群监护情况、职业健康培训4个维度权重评分结果评价噪声危害,县区分布以惠阳区最为严重(59分),经济类型分布以有限责任公司最为严重(74分),企业规模分布以微型企业最为严重(34分),行业类型分布以电热燃气及水生产供应业最为严重(26分)。结论 惠州市各类型企业噪声危害现状存在差异,惠阳区、有限责任公司、微型企业、电热燃气及水生产供应业应是今后噪声防治工作中的重点关注对象。

关键词: 工作场所, 噪声危害, 现状调查, 评分评价

Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution status of workplaces noise hazards in Huizhou in 2020,and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards. Methods Data of noise hazards from 5 407 enterprises in 7 counties and districts in Huizhou in 2020 were collected by cluster sampling method and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results Among the 5 407 investigated enterprises,761 enterprises exceeded the workplace noise standard and exceeding standard rate was 14.07%. The exceeding standard rate of post noise was 16.88%(2 694/15 963),and the exceeding standard rate of place noise was 18.84%(1 944/10 316). A total of 117 351 people were exposed to noise hazards,and the exposure rate was 23.58%(117 351/497 691). The declaration rate of occupational disease hazards was 17.66(955/5 407),the physical examination rate of noise item was 69.16%(81 159/117 351) and the abnormal rate of examination results in noise item was 1.01%(817/81 159). The occupational health training rate of the principal person was 55.41%(2 996/5 407),the occupational health training rate of manager was 28.50%(1 541/5 407),and the occupational health training rate of people exposed to hazard was 64.40%(112 605/186 443). The noise hazard in different distribution categories was comprehensively evaluated according to the weighted scoring results of the 4 dimensions of situation of workplace noise exceeding,noise exposure and declaration,physical examination of noise hazard exposed people and occupational health training. Huiyang District was the most serious(59 points) in the distribution of counties and districts,limited liability company was the most serious(74 points) in the distribution of economic types,micro enterprise enterprise was the most serious(34 points) in the distribution of enterprise size,and electricity,heat,gas and water industry was the most serious(26 points) in the distribution of industry types. Conclusion The current situation of noise hazards is different in varying degree on various types of Huizhou enterprises,suggesting that Huiyang District,limited liability companies,micro-enterprises,electric,heat,gas and water production and supply industries should be payed attention to in the future noise prevention work.

Key words: Workplace, Noise hazards, Status survey, Scoring evaluation

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