预包装食品营养声称现状及与营养素能量关系调查

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解预包装食品营养声称现状及营养声称与营养素和能量的关系,为营养声称能否反映预包装食品的营养价值,指导人们合理选择食物提供科学依据。方法 2021年3—9月,在南京市4家大型超市（苏果、沃尔玛、金鹰及大润发）以及3家网络超市（天猫超市、苏宁易购以及京东商城）从营养声称、营养素、配料等方面进行了全面搜集食品标签,将信息录入Excel,分析食品中营养声称标示情况,并分析比较有无营养声称的同类食品中能量和营养素的情况。结果本次研究纳入8大类共计4 473份预包装食品标签样本,含有营养声称的食品数占调查食品总数的17.24%。谷类制品及乳制品的营养声称标示率最高,分别为226和152份,声称标示率分别为35.48%和33.70%;调味品、饮料和糖果制品次之,分别为215、117和31份,声称标示率分别为24.52%、21.59%和14.35%;肉类水产及蛋制品、果蔬类、豆类制品及坚果类营养声称使用普遍缺乏,分别为11、8和6份,声称标示率分别为1.15%、1.69%和1.86%。谷物制品主要对脂肪和膳食纤维进行营养声称;乳制品主要对钙、脂肪和蛋白质进行声称。对碳水化合物声称标示时,以“无糖”“无蔗糖”“低糖”3种含量声称数较高,分别为51、24和21份,分布在多种食品中;钠则局限分布在调味品中,主要表示为“低钠”。各类食品中营养声称组和无营养声称组的能量和核心营养素含量之间部分差异有统计学意义,谷类[63.00（50.80,72.00） vs 60.50（52.00,67.40）]、乳类[12.00（5.00,52.50）vs11.00（5.00,17.50）]及糖类[89.70（56.50,98.00）vs74.80（61.20,87.60）]中有营养声称组的碳水化合物含量显著高于无营养声称组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;调味品[38 215.00（35 860.00,38 750.00）vs5 810.00（60.75,8 942.00）]中有营养声称组的钠含量显著高于无营养声称组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;具有营养声称的果蔬类和肉类、水产品类食品能量及核心营养素含量与无营养声称组比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论南京市预包装食品营养声称标示率较低,不同类别的食品标示率和营养成分声称类别不同。具有营养声称的食品的营养价值并不比相对应的无营养声称组存在优势,因此为了防止包装上的声称误导性声明,应该提出更明确的信息以帮助消费者做出更明智的选择,更加正确看待营养声称。

关键词: 预包装食品, 营养标签, 营养声称, 营养素

Abstract: Objective To understand the status of nutrition claims of prepackaged foods and the relationship between nutrition claims and nutrients and energy,provide scientific basis for nutrition claims to reflect the nutritional value of prepackaged food and guide people to choose food reasonably. Methods From March to September 2021,food labels were comprehensively collected from nutrition claims,nutrients and ingredients in four large supermarkets（Sugo,Walmart,Golden Eagle and RT-Mart） and three online supermarkets（Tmall,Suning Tesco and Jingdong Mall） in Nanjing City,and the information was entered into Excel to analyse the labelling of nutrition claims in food products,and to analyse and compare the energy and nutrients in similar food products with and without nutrition claims. Results This study included a total of 4 473 prepackaged food label samples from eight categories,and the proportion of food products with nutrition claims was 17.24% of the total number of food products surveyed. The cereal products and dairy products had the highest labeled rates,which were 226 and 152 samples,with the labeled rate of 35.48% and 33.70% respectively,followed by condiments,beverages and confectionery products,which were 215,117 and 31 samples,with the labeled rate of 24.52%,21.59% and 14.35%. The meat,aquatic and egg products,fruits and vegetables,bean products and nuts were generally lacking in the use of nutrition claims,which were 11,8 and 6 samples,with the labeled rate of 1.15%,1.69% and 1.86%,respectively. The cereal products made nutritional claims mainly for fat and dietary fiber,while dairy products made claims mainly for calcium,fat and protein.For carbohydrate claims,the number of claims for "sugar-free""sucrose-free" and "low sugar"was high and was found in a wide range of foods,with 51,24 and 21 samples,respectively. The sodium was limited to condiments and was mainly indicated as "low sodium". Some differences in the energy and core nutrient contents between the nutrition claimsgroup and the non-nutrition claimsgroup were statistically significant. The carbohydrate contents of cereals[63.00（50.80,72.00） vs 60.50（52.00,67.40）],dairy[12.00（5.00,52.50） vs 11.00（5.00,17.50）] and sugars[89.70（56.50,98.00） vs 74.80（61.20,87.60）] in nutrition claimsgroup were higher than those in non-nutrition claims group,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The sodium content of condiments in nutrition claims group was higher than that in non-nutrition claims group,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There were not statistically significant differences in energy and core nutrient contents of fruits and vegetables,meat and aquatic products between nutrition claims group and non-nutrition claims group（all P>0.05）. Conclusions The labeled rate of nutrition claims on prepackaged food in Nanjing City is low,and the labeled rate and nutrition claims of different categories of food are different. The nutritional value of foods with nutrition claims does not have an advantage over the corresponding group without nutrition claims,so in order to prevent misleading claims on packaging,clearer information should be presented to help consumers make more informed choices and view nutrition claims more correctly.

Key words: Prepackaged food, Nutrition labelling, Nutrition claim, Nutrients

中图分类号:

R151.4⁺5

李婧, 黄烨, 徐诗怿, 宋志秀. 预包装食品营养声称现状及与营养素能量关系调查. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(8): 1050-1056.

LI Jing, HUANG Ye, XU Shi-yi, SONG Zhi-xiu. Survey on status of nutrition claims for prepackaged foods and relationship with nutrients and energy. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(8): 1050-1056.

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