我国退役军人焦虑症状特点及影响因素分析

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 358-364.

我国退役军人焦虑症状特点及影响因素分析

李媛媛^1a,2, 冯正直^1b, 廖兴亚^1a, 赵梦雪^1b, 王慧中³, 夏凡^1b

1.陆军军医大学 a研究生院, b医学心理系,重庆 400038;
2.解放军总医院京西医疗区高井门诊部,北京 100042;
3.解放军第92985部队,福建厦门 361100

收稿日期:2023-05-28 修回日期:2023-06-27 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2026-03-12
通信作者: 冯正直,教授,E-mail：fzz@tmmu.edu.cn
作者简介:李媛媛,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为退役军人心理健康。
基金资助:
重庆英才“包干制”项目（cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0022）

Analysis on anxiety symptom characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese veteran

LI Yuanyuan^1a,2, FENG Zhengzhi^1b, LIAO Xingya^1a, ZHAO Mengxue^1b, WANG Huizhong³, XIA Fan^1b

1. a Graduate School, b Faculty of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China;
2. Gaojing Outpatient Department, Jingxi Medical District of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100042, China;
3. No.92985 Force of PLA, Xiamen Fujian, 361100, China

Received:2023-05-28 Revised:2023-06-27 Online:2024-02-01 Published:2026-03-12
Contact: FENG Zhengzhi,Professor,E-mail：fzz@tmmu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析我国退役军人焦虑症状特点及影响因素。方法采用分层方便抽样,于2021年3月起,历时6个月对我国12个城市2 400名退役军人进行问卷调查,调查工具有自编一般情况问卷、广泛性焦虑量表（General anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7）,并对数据进行分析。结果我国退役军人焦虑症状总体发生率为30.8%,轻度症状发生率为19.0%,中度症状发生率为5.8%,重度症状发生率为6.0%。人口学因素中,焦虑症状发生率及得分在性别、年龄、居住地、受教育程度、婚姻状况、目前是否患病方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;军事经历因素中,焦虑症状发生率及得分在服役年限、服役军种、是否特殊环境服役、军事作业类型、立功受奖、服役期间是否患病、退役原因、退役方式方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。焦虑症状危险因素为女性、25~<31岁、31~<45岁、职业（农民、商业服务业人员）、目前患重病（均P<0.05）,保护因素为较高教育程度（P<0.05）。结论我国退役军人焦虑症状发生率高于现役军人和非军人群体,受到生理状态、目前职业、受教育程度等因素影响。

关键词: 退役军人, 焦虑, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To analyze the anxiety symptom characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese veteran. Methods The stratified convenience sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire investigation among 2 400 ex-servicemen from 12 cities in China during six months since March 2021,with the general information questionnaire and the general anxiety disorder scale（GAD-7）,and the data were analyzed. Results Among Chinese veteran,the overall incidence of anxiety symptoms was 30.8%,and the incidence of mild,moderate and severe symptoms was 19.0%,5.8% and 6.0%,respectively. Among demographic factors,there were statistically significant differences in the incidence and score of anxiety symptoms among groups in gender,age,place of residence,education level,marital status and current illness（all P<0.05）. Among the factors of military experience,there were statistically significant differences in the incidence and score of anxiety symptoms among groups in service years,service type,special environment,military operation type,meritorious service award,illness during service,reasons for retirement,and ways of retirement（all P<0.05）. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms were female,25-<31 years old,31-<45 years old,occupation（farmer, commercial service worker）,and serious illness（all P<0.05）,while the protective factor was higher education level（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of anxiety symptoms of Chinese ex-servicemen is higher than that of active servicemen and non-servicemen,which is affected by the factors of physiological status,current occupation and education level.

Key words: Veteran, Anxiety, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R395.6

李媛媛, 冯正直, 廖兴亚, 赵梦雪, 王慧中, 夏凡. 我国退役军人焦虑症状特点及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(3): 358-364.

LI Yuanyuan, FENG Zhengzhi, LIAO Xingya, ZHAO Mengxue, WANG Huizhong, XIA Fan. Analysis on anxiety symptom characteristics and influencing factors of Chinese veteran. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(3): 358-364.

参考文献

[1] WU T,LUO Y,BROSTER L S,et al.The impact of anxiety on social decision-making:Behavioral and electrodermal findings[J].Soc Neurosci,2013,8(1):11-21.
[2] EYSENCK M W,DERAKSHAN N,SANTOS R,et al.Anxiety and cognitive performance:Attentional control theory[J].Emotion,2007,7(2):336-353.
[3] MORAN T P.Anxiety and working memory capacity:A meta-analysis and narrative review[J].Psychol Bull,2016,142(8):831-864.
[4] ORME-JOHNSON D W,BARNES V A.Effects of the transcendental meditation technique on trait anxiety:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].J Altern Complement Med,2014,20(5):330-341.
[5] PHILLIPS A C,BATTY G D,GALE C R,et al.Generalized anxiety disorder,major depressive disorder,and their comorbidity as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality:The Vietnam experience study[J].Psychosom Med,2009,71(4):395-403.
[6] HOGE C W,CASTRO C A,MESSER S C,et al.Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan,mental health problems,and barriers to care[J].N Engl J Med,2004,351(1):13-22.
[7] JORDAN B K,SCHLENGER W E,HOUGH R,et al.Lifetime and current prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among Vietnam veterans and controls[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,1991,48(3):207-215.
[8] HUANG Y Q,WANG Y,WANG H,et al.Prevalence of mental disorders in China:A cross-sectional epidemiological study[J].Lancet Psychiatry,2019,6(3):211-224.
[9] 王进,董燕,王好博,等.广泛性焦虑量表在军人群体应用中的信度和效度[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2017,25(5):733-736.
[10] 胡光涛,王军,贺英,等.待退役军人状态-特质焦虑、个性、应对与心理应激的相关性研究[J].西南国防医药,2010,20(4):457-459.
[11] 章玉荣,井涛,项倩彤.老年退伍军人情绪状况及相关因素调查[J].中国民康医学,2008(14):1652-1653.
[12] 刘志超,邱文辉,毛宗福,等.伤残退伍军人抑郁及焦虑状况研究[J].中国行为医学科学,2002,11(1):91-92.
[13] 林崇德. 发展心理学[M].2版.北京:人民教育出版社,2009:439-440.
[14] 国家职业分类大典修订工作委员会.中华人民共和国职业分类大典(2015年版)[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2015:8.
[15] 国家统计局.中国统计年鉴—2020[EB/OL].(2020-09-14)[2022-05-20].http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2020/indexch.htm.
[16] 中国人民解放军总政治部.国防服役纪念章[EB/OL].(2022-02-10)[2022-05-20].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E6%9C%8D%E5%BD%B9%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%AB%A0/9199949?fromModule=search-result_lemma.
[17] 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室.新时代的中国国防[EB/OL].(2019-07-24)[2022-05-20].https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2019-07/24/content_5414325.htm.
[18] 第13届全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国退役军人保障法[EB/OL].(2020-11-11)[2022-05-20].https://www.mva.gov.cn/sy/zt/tyjrbzf/zxdt/202011/t20201124_43292.html
[19] 冯正直,陈骁.我国特殊军事环境军人心理问题研究与展望[J].第三军医大学学报,2016,38(20):2199-2204.
[20] 冯正直,夏蕾.非战争军事行动军人心理问题特点及影响因素[J].第三军医大学学报,2018,40(6):459-465.
[21] SPITZER R L,KROENKE K,WILLIAMS J B W,et al.A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder:the GAD-7[J].Arch Intern Med,2006,166(10):1092-1097.
[22] 何筱衍,李春波,钱洁,等.广泛性焦虑量表在综合性医院的信度和效度研究[J].上海精神医学,2010,22(4):200-203.
[23] MILANAK M E,GROS D F,MAGRUDER K M,et al.Prevalence and features of generalized anxiety disorder in department of veteran affairs primary care settings[J].Psychiatry Res,2013,209(2):173-179.
[24] OLDEHINKEL A J,BOUMA E M.Sensitivity to the depressogenic effect of stress and HPA-axis reactivity in adolescence:A review of gender differences[J].Neurosci Biobehav Rev,2011,35(8):1757-1770.
[25] FARAVELLI C,ALESSANDRA S M,CASTELLINI G,et al.Gender differences in depression and anxiety:The role of age[J].Psychiatry Res,2013,210(3):1301-1303.
[26] VASILIADIS H M,DESJARDINS F,ROBERGE P,et al.Sex differences in anxiety disorders in older adults[J].Curr Psychiatry Rep,2020, 22(12):75.
[27] 李梅. 智能经济下公众有何就业焦虑[J].人民论坛,2018(7):76-77.
[28] 刘志超,邱文辉,毛宗福,等.退伍军人心理健康状况研究[J].湖南医学,2001,18(6):408-410.
[29] 凌巍. 社会转型期公众社会焦虑影响机制及缓解对策研究[J].改革与开放,2019(19):57-61.
[30] 江光荣,李丹阳,任志洪,等.中国国民心理健康素养的现状与特点[J].心理学报,2021,53(2):182-198.
[31] FARAH M J.The Neuroscience of socioeconomic status:Correlates,causes,and consequences[J].Neuron,2017,96(1):56-71.
[32] BRAITHWAITE S,HOLT-LUNATAD J.Romantic relationships and mental health[J].Clin Microbiol Newsl,2015,37(4):33.
[33] MCCASLIN S E,BECKET-DAVENPORT C,DINH J V,et al.Military acculturation and readjustment to the civilian context[J].Psychol Trauma,2021,13(6):611-620.
[34] LEVY B S,SIDEL V W.Health effects of combat:A life-course perspective[J].Annu Rev Public Health,2009,30(1):123-136.
[35] LEE H,ALDWIN C M,CHOUN S,et al.Impact of combat exposure on mental health trajectories in later life:Longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study[J].Psychol Aging,2019,34(4):467-474.