西北地区基层官兵心理应激水平及多维度影响机制研究

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 1919-1923.

西北地区基层官兵心理应激水平及多维度影响机制研究

白桂花^a, 任永刚^b, 何皎^c, 陆诗阳^d

中部战区空军医院a呼吸内科,b神经内科,c信息经管科,d普通外科,山西大同 037000

收稿日期:2024-09-24 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 何皎,工程师,E-mail：epwqchdi@sina.com
作者简介:白桂花,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为军人心理健康。

Research on psychological stress level and multi dimensional impact mechanism of grassroots officers and soldiers in Northwest China

BAI Guihua^a, REN Yonggang^b, HE Jiao^c, LU Shiyang^d

a Department of Respiratory Medicine,b Department of Neurology,c Department of Information and Economic Management,d Department of General Surgery,Air Force Hospital of PLA Central Theater Command,Datong,Shanxi 037000,China

Received:2024-09-24 Revised:2024-10-21 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-12-12
Contact: HE Jiao,Engineer,E-mail：epwqchdi@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解西北地区基层官兵心理应激水平,分析基层官兵心理弹性、情绪表达、情绪调节与心理应激的关系。方法 2023年10—12月,采用一般资料调查表、军人心理应激自评问卷（psychological stress self-evaluation test,PEST）、心理弹性量表（connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC）、伯克利情绪表达问卷（Berkeley expressivity questionnaire,BEQ）和情绪调节问卷（emotion regulation questionnaire,ERQ）对西北地区699名基层官兵开展调查,并对数据进行分析。结果基层官兵心理应激水平总得分经T分转换后为（53.01±1.75）分,高于本次研究均值（53.01分）的有154人（22.03%）,>70分的有94人（13.45%）;不同性别、年龄、身份、部队类别、生长地、受教育程度、作业环境及作业数量的基层官兵心理应激水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。应激水平的影响因素有年龄、坚韧性和认知重评策略,解释率为11.0%（P<0.05）。结论 22.03%的基层官兵心理应激水平超过均值,年龄、坚韧性和认知重评策略均是心理应激水平的影响因素,应重点关注官兵心理弹性、情绪表达策略和年龄差异,以维护基层官兵的心理健康。

关键词: 心理应激, 心理弹性, 情绪表达, 情绪调节, 基层官兵

Abstract: Objective To understand the psychological stress level of grassroots officers and soldiers in Northwest China,explore the relationship of psychological resilience,emotional expression,emotional regulation and psychological stress in grassroots officers and soldiers. Methods From October to December 2023,the general data questionnaire,psychological stress self-evaluation test（PEST）,Connor-Davidson resilience scale（CD-RISC）,Berkeley expressivity questionnaire（BEQ） and emotion regulation questionnaire（ERQ） were applied to survey 699 grassroots officers and soldiers,and the data were analyzed. Results After T-score transformation,the total score of psychological stress level in grassroots officers and soldiers was （53.01±1.75）points,and there were 154 people（22.03%） with score higher than the mean of this study（53.01 points） and 94 people with score >70 points（13.45%）. There were statistically significant differences in the psychological stress level among grassroots officers and soldiers with different gender,age,identity,military category,place of growth,education level,working environment and number of jobs（all P<0.05）. The age,hardiness and cognitive reappraisal strategies were the influencing factors of psychological stress level,and the explanatory rate reached 11.0%（P<0.05）. Conclusions 22.03% of the grassroots officers and soldiers have the psychological stress level above the average. The age,hardiness and cognitive reappraisal strategies are the influencing factors of the psychological stress level. It is necessary to pay attention to resilience,emotional expression and age difference of the officers and soldiers to maintain their mental health.

Key words: Psychological stress, Psychological resilience, Emotional expression, Emotion regulation, Grassroots officers and soldiers

中图分类号:

R181.3+1

白桂花, 任永刚, 何皎, 陆诗阳. 西北地区基层官兵心理应激水平及多维度影响机制研究. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(14): 1919-1923.

BAI Guihua, REN Yonggang, HE Jiao, LU Shiyang. Research on psychological stress level and multi dimensional impact mechanism of grassroots officers and soldiers in Northwest China. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(14): 1919-1923.

参考文献

[1] 冯国训,黄满丽.军人心理应激研究现状及进展[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2019,93:49-50,52.
[2] BECKNER M E,LIEBERMAN H R,HATCH-MCCHESNEY A,et al.Effects of energy balance on cognitive performance,risk-taking,ambulatory vigilance and mood during simulated military sustained operations(SUSOPS)[J].Physiol Behav,2023,258:114010.
[3] 井丽君,陶慧,安花花,等.高海拔地区部队驻训官兵心理弹性和注意偏向对心理应激的影响分析[J].西北国防医学杂志,2021,42(5):328-330.
[4] 贾西莎,崔怡,刘娜,等.空降兵某部官兵心理应激水平及影响因素研究[J].职业与健康,2022,38(11):1532-1535.
[5] 穆赫孜,崔怡,杨豪爽,等.边防官兵心理应激和心理健康的关系:心理资本的中介作用和表达抑制的调节作用[J].空军军医大学学报,2023,44(10):977-981.
[6] WANG X,U Q,HUANG D,et al.A latent profile analysis of emotional expression among patients with unintentional injuries[J].BMC Psychiatry,2022,22(1):729.
[7] 黄伟容. 火箭军某部官兵情绪调节特点及情绪调节训练的效果研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2017.
[8] 李权超,申国祥,曾岚,等.我军军人心理应激自评问卷的编制[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2003,21(4):256-258.
[9] GROSS J J,JOHN O P.Facets of emotional Expressivity:Three self-report factors and their correlates[J].Pers and Individ Dif,1995,19(4):555-568.
[10] 赵鑫,张冰人,周玮,等.伯克利情绪表达量表中文版在中国大学生中的信、效度分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(3):406-409,462.
[11] CONNOR K M,DAVIDSON J R.Development of a new resilience scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)[J].Depress Anxiety,2003,18(2):76-82.
[12] YU X N,ZHANG J.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) with Chinese people[J].Soc Behav and Pers,2007,35:19-30.
[13] 彭李,李军,李敏,等.成人心理弹性量表在陆军中的应用[J].第三军医大学学报,2011,33(19):2081-2084.
[14] GROSS J J,JOHN O P.Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes:Implications for affect,relationships,and well-being[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,2003,85(2):348-362.
[15] 赵鑫,张冰人,张鹏,等.斯坦福情绪调节量表在我国中学生中的信、效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(1):22-25.
[16] 黄燕琳,刘钰瑞,雷静,等.特战队员心理应激水平及其影响因素的研究[J].西南国防医药,2021,31(1):19-22.
[17] 文鹏,张华,安花花,等.军事对峙任务下高原官兵睡眠质量与心理应激和正负情绪的关系研究[J].联勤军事医学,2023,37(8):681-684.
[18] 陈晨,张良,马竹静,等.高原驻训官兵心理应激水平与心理弹性和焦虑情绪的关系研究[J].华南国防医学杂志,2021,35(5):348-351.
[19] 崔怡,刘娜,张蓝方,等.积极情感在边疆部队官兵心理弹性和心理应激间的中介效应[J].空军军医大学学报,2022,43(8):884-887.
[20] 何俊芳,康媛,张英梅,等.心理弹性在军人胫腓骨骨折自我应激和创伤后成长中的中介作用[J].空军航空医学,2023,40(2):138-141.
[21] ZHANG Y,AN H,XU L,et al.Relationship between depression,the family environment,and the coping styles of military recruits:A cross-section study[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2020,99(38):e22027.
[22] 闫保华,刘延彤,安花花,等.任务中期维和官兵心理应激及影响因素研究[J].西南国防医药,2019,29(5):630-632.
[23] 陶宝乐,陈瀚文,陆天赐,等.体育锻炼与大学生心理应激的关系——基于NCA与中介分析的混合方法[J].中国体育科技,2023,59(6):79-87.
[24] 蒲昭君,杨梦圆,张芫蓓,等.军校学员压力知觉对焦虑情绪的影响:情绪调节策略的中介作用[J/OL].空军军医大学学报,2024:1-10.(2024-03-12)[2024-05-31].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1526.R.20240311.1937.019.html.