关键词: 铸造企业, 职业病危害, 粉尘危害作业分级, 防护措施

Abstract: Objective To study the occupational hazards of dust that may occur in the production workshop and protective measures of a casting enterprise in Shanghai City,in order to provide a basic basis for dust prevention and control in the casting enterprise. Methods In November 2021,an investigation and testing were conducted on the dust exposure process of the casting enterprise. Based on the classification method of workplace productive dust,the occupational hazards of dust that may be exposed in the enterprise were classified. At the same time,the protection level of the engineering protective measures and personal protective equipment configured by the casting enterprise was analyzed. Results Totally 17 positions exposed to dust were selected for testing and analysis in the production workshop of the casting enterprise. The results showed that the overall pass rate of dust was 59%,and the dust detection results of one modeling workstation,three core making machine workstations,two sand cleaning workstations,and one mold blowing and cleaning workstation all exceeded the standard. The job classification was as follows：modeling workstation（silicon dust,50%< free SiO₂ content ≤80%） and mold blowing and cleaning workstation（silicon dust,10% ≤free SiO2 content≤50%） were classⅠ（mild hazard operation），core making machine workstation and sand cleaning workstation [silicon dust，50%＜free SiO2 content≤80%（total dust）] were class Ⅱ（moderate hazard operation）. The dust detection results of other positions were all qualified，and the positions were classified as class 0（relatively harmless operations）. By calculating the hazard factors of each exceeding standard position，it was found that their hazard factors were all ＜10. After the operators correctly wore 3M9042 self suction filter dust semi mask，the expected exposure concentration of dust in each exceeding standard position was lower than the national occupational health standards. Conclusion The silicon dust generated by the modeling，core making，sand cleaning，and mold blowing cleaning of the casting enterprise poses a significant risk，and it is necessary to strengthen the updating and maintenance of engineering protective facilities such as ventilation and dust removal，supervise the correct wearing of personal protective equipment by operators，and conduct occupational health checks for operators，to reduce the impact of dust on their health.

Key words: Foundry enterprise, Occupational hazards, Classification of dust hazard operations, Protective measures