山东省某轮胎制造厂作业工人职业紧张、积极心理资本与抑郁症状的相关性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解山东省某轮胎制造厂工人职业紧张及抑郁现状,分析影响该厂处理轮胎各工序工人职业紧张及抑郁症状的相关因素。方法 2023年7—8月,采取简单随机抽样法,以山东省某轮胎制造厂453名工作人员为调查对象,分别采用付出-回报失衡问卷（effort-reward imbalance,ERI）、积极心理资本问卷、抑郁症筛查量表（patient health questionnaire,PHQ-9）调查该厂工人职业紧张和积极心理资本与抑郁现况的相关性,并对数据进行分析。结果该轮胎制造厂在生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素有噪声、有机和无机粉尘、有毒有害气体、高温和有机溶剂等。453名调查对象以男性为主,为366人,女性87人,作业工人中职业紧张者2人,占0.44%,可能有抑郁症状的作业工人282人,占62.17%。相比轮胎胶炼制岗位作业工人,轮胎成型岗位作业工人和成品检查岗位作业工人抑郁症状总分分别提高1.942和2.562分（P<0.05）;相比经常饮酒的作业工人,不饮酒或偶尔饮酒的作业工人抑郁症状总分提高0.942分（P<0.05）;相比经常吸烟的作业工人,不吸烟或偶尔吸烟的作业工人抑郁症状总分减少1.765分（P<0.05）;相较具有A型性格的作业工人,具有B型性格的作业工人抑郁症状总分减少1.046分（P<0.05）,具有C型性格的作业工人抑郁症状总分提高1.191分（均P<0.05）。ERI模式职业紧张的付出、回报、内在投入维度均对轮胎厂作业工人抑郁症状总分影响显著（均P<0.05）,其中付出维度和内在投入维度得分与轮胎厂作业工人抑郁症状总分呈现负相关（P<0.05）,回报维度得分与轮胎制造厂作业工人抑郁症状呈现正相关（P<0.05）。结论山东省某轮胎制造厂作业工人抑郁情况形势严峻,经营管理者应定期监测作业工人心理健康状况,有针对性地采取措施降低作业工人抑郁症状的发生与发展,多维度保护作业工人心理健康。

关键词: 轮胎厂, 职业紧张, 抑郁症状, 付出-回报失衡

Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of occupational stress and depression among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province,and analyze the relevant factors that affect the occupational stress and depression symptoms of workers in various tire processing processes. Methods From July to August 2023,a simple random sampling method was used to investigate 453 employees of a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province.The effort reward imbalance（ERI） questionnaire, positive psychological capital questionnaire,and patient health questionnaire（PHQ-9） were used to investigate the correlation between occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depression status among workers in the factory,and the data was analyzed. Results The occupational hazard factors generated during the production process of the tire manufacturing factory mainly include noise,organic and inorganic dust,toxic and harmful gases,high temperature,and organic solvents,etc. Among the 453 research subjects,366 were male and 86 were female. Among the workers,there were 2 workers with occupational stress（0.44%）,and 282 workers with depressive symptoms（62.17%）. Compared with workers in tire rubber refining positions,the total depression symptoms of workers in the tire forming position and finished product inspection position increased by 1.942 and 2.562 points,respectively（both P<0.05）. Compared with workers who frequently drink alcohol,workers who do not drink alcohol or occasionally drink alcohol had a 0.942 points increase in the total score of depression symptoms（P<0.05）. Compared to workers who frequently smoke,workers who do not smoke or occasionally smoke had a total depression symptom score reduction of 1.765 points（P<0.05）. Compared with workers with A type personality,workers with B type personality had a decrease in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.046 points（P<0.05）,while workers with C type personality had an increase in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.191 points（P<0.05）. The dimensions of effort,return,and intrinsic engagement in the ERI model of occupational stress had a significant impact on the total score of depression symptoms among tire factory workers（all P<0.05）. The scores of effort and intrinsic engagement dimensions were negatively correlated with the total score of depression symptoms among tire factory workers,while the score of the return dimension was positively correlated with the depression symptoms among tire factory workers（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The depression situation among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province is severe. Management should regularly monitor the mental health status of workers,take targeted measures to reduce the occurrence and development of depression symptoms,and protect their psychological health from multiple dimensions.

Key words: Tire manufacturing factory, Occupational stress, Depression symptoms, Imbalance between effort and return

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

林龙, 张志虎. 山东省某轮胎制造厂作业工人职业紧张、积极心理资本与抑郁症状的相关性分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(16): 2167-2174.

LIN Long, ZHANG Zhihu. Correlation analysis of occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depressive symptoms among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(16): 2167-2174.

参考文献

[1] 吴翟. 供给侧结构性改革背景下我国劳动密集型产业发展现状及前景研究——以纺织业为例[J].山东纺织经济,2018(5):9-11.
[2] 周旭,肖元梅.职业紧张与职业人群健康关系的研究进展[J].南昌大学学报(医学版),2013,53(5):79-81,86.
[3] 戴俊明. 职业紧张评估方法与早期健康效应[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2008:6.
[4] 余善法. 职业紧张评价与控制[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2018:93-101.
[5] 徐金平,赵容,王小舫.两种理论联合评估某电子企业员工职业紧张状况[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2017,35(4):301-304,365.
[6] KRPENKE K,STUMP T E,CHEN C X,et al.Responsiveness of PROMIS and Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ) Depression Scales in three clinical trials[J].Health Qual Life Outcomes,2021,19(1):41.
[7] 魏艳萍,崔宝今,薛将等.病人健康问卷抑郁量表在青少年中的应用[J].四川精神卫生,2023,36(2):149-155.
[8] 张阔,张赛,董颖红.积极心理资本:测量及其与心理健康的关系[J].心理与行为研究,2010,8(1):58-64.
[9] 史一锋. 我国轮胎行业的发展现状与展望[J].轮胎工业,2022,42(11):643-649.
[10] 李嫒嫒.乘联会:汽车市场快速回暖[N].中国证券报,2023-05-10(A05).
[11] 乐溪.乘联会发布5月新能源车销量数据[N].中国质量报,2023-06-15(005).
[12] 李心尚,李兰阁.山东省轮胎行业2022年经济运行情况及产业布局发展目标简析[J].橡塑技术与装备,2023,49(5):5-8.
[13] 李晓艺,陈惠清,杨敏,等.劳动密集型企业流水线作业工人职业紧张现状及影响因素分析[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2023,41(1):67-72.
[14] 李晓艺,陈惠清,王瑾,等.劳动密集型企业工人职业紧张、职业倦怠与抑郁症状关系[J].中国职业医学,2022,49(1):29-33,40.
[15] SONG K W,CHOI W S,JEE H J,et al.Correlation of occupational stress with depression,anxiety,and sleep in Korean dentists:Cross-sectional study[J].BMC Psychiatry,2017,17(1):398.
[16] BONDE J P.Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression:a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence[J].Occup Environ Med
2008,65(7):438.
[17] ROBERTS S J,SCHERER L L,BOWYER C J.Job stress and incivility:What role does psychological capital play?[J].J Leadersh Org Stud,2011,18(4):449-458.
[18] LIU L,CHANG Y,FU J,et al.The mediating role of psychological capital on the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese physicians:A cross-sectional study[J].BMC Public Health,2012,12(1):1-8
[19] M. J C,D.B F,CRISTINA P,et al.Drinking during social isolation: investigating associations between stress,inhibitory control,boredom,drinking motives,and alcohol use[J].Addict. Res. Theory,2023,31(1):16-28.
[20] OLGA P,MARIA T,SHARON C,et al.Associations between smoking to relieve stress,motivation to stop and quit attempts across the social spectrum:A population survey in England[J].PLoS One,2022,17(5):544-547.
[21] HICKS R,MEHTA Y.The Big Five,type A personality,and psychological Well-Being[J].Int J Psychol Stud,2018,10(1):49.
[22] 廖思奇,王璐,马洪林.盘锦地区石油工人心理资本在职业紧张与抑郁的关系研究中的中介作用[J].中国卫生统计,2017,34(5):776-778.
[23] SARAEI M,OMIDI R,AMINIAN O,et al.The combined effect of noise and solvent exposure on hearing loss in the tire factory workers[J].Indian J Otolaryngol,2021,74(3):1-6.