北京地区职业性噪声聋听力损失状况调查及与血压、心律的关联性队列分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解北京地区职业性噪声聋听力损失状况,并分析听力损失与血压、心律的关联性。方法以2022年参加职业健康检查的北京地区噪声作业在岗工人为调查对象,均接受纯音听力、心电图、血压检测,调查不同性别、年龄、工龄的工人听力损失、心率异常及高血压患病情况,并分析其相关性。结果共收集北京地区3 852名噪声作业人员职业健康检查结果,共检出听力损失1 369人（35.54%）,其中高频听损占比最高（18.25%）;男性听力损失检出率高于女性（P<0.01）;随年龄增长、工龄延长听力损失检出率增加（P<0.05）。共检出心律异常875人（22.72%）,高血压717人（18.61%）。男性心律异常、高血压检出率高于女性（均P<0.01）;随年龄的升高心律异常检出率降低,高血压检出率升高（均P<0.01）,工龄0~<5年者心律异常检出率最高,高血压检出率最低（均P<0.05）。分层分析发现,男性、女性、年龄0~<30与30~<40岁、工龄0~<5与5~<10年人群中,听力损失者心律异常检出率均高于听力正常者（均P<0.05）;男性、女性、年龄0~<30与30~<40岁、工龄5~<10、11~<15与≥15年人群中,听力损失者高血压检出率均高于听力正常者（均P<0.05）。听力损失（高频听损、感音性聋、传导性聋、其他听损）、工龄（5~<10、11~<15、≥15年）、心动过速是导致噪声作业工人高血压发病的独立危险因素,心动过缓是保护因素（均P<0.05）,听力损失（高频听损、感音性聋、传导性聋）、工龄（5~<10年）是噪声作业工人心律异常的相关因素（均P<0.05）。结论北京地区职业性噪声聋听力损失以高频听力损失为主,且听力损失与高血压、心律异常存在相关性,应加强年轻与低工龄人群心律与血压监控,防治高血压。

关键词: 职业性噪声聋, 听力损失, 血压, 心律

Abstract: Objective To understand the status of occupational noise induced hearing loss in Beijing,and analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure and heart rhythm. Methods Taking the on-the-job workers of noise operation in Beijing who participated in the occupational health examination in 2022 as the study subjects. All of them received pure tone hearing,electrocardiogram and blood pressure tests. The study investigated the prevalence of hearing loss,heart rate abnormality and hypertension in workers of different genders,ages and working ages,and analyzed their correlation. Results A total of 3 852 occupational health examinations of noise workers in Beijing were collected,and hearing loss was detected in 1 369 people（35.54%）,with the highest percentage of high-frequency hearing loss（18.25%）. The detection rate of hearing loss was higher in males than in females（P<0.01）. The detection rate of hearing loss increased with age and working years（P<0.05）. A total of 875 people（22.72%） with abnormal heart rhythms and 717 people（18.61%） with hypertension were detected. The detection rates of arrhythmia and hypertension were higher in males than in females（both P<0.01）. The detection rate of arrhythmia decreased and hypertension increased with age（both P<0.01）,and the detection rate of arrhythmia was the highest among those 0-<5 years of service,and the detection rate of hypertension was the lowest（both P<0.05）. Stratified analysis showed that in males,females,aged 0-<30,30-<40 years,and working years 0-<5 and 5-<10 years,the detection rate of abnormal heart rhythm in patients with hearing loss was higher than that in patients with normal hearing（all P<0.05）. The detection rate of hypertension was higher in hearing-impaired people than in normal-hearing people among men,women,aged 0-<30,30-<40 years,working years 5-<10,11-<15,≥15 years（all P<0.05）. Hearing loss（high-frequency hearing loss,sensorineural deafness,conductive deafness,and other hearing loss）,working years（5-<10,11-<15,≥15 years）,and tachycardia were the independent risk factors leading to the onset of hypertension in noise-worked workers,while bradycardia was a protective factor（all P<0.05）,and hearing loss（high-frequency hearing loss,sensorineural deafness,and conductive deafness） and length of service（5-<10 years） were correlates of abnormal heart rhythms in noise-work workers（all P<0.05）. Conclusion Occupational noise deafness hearing loss in Beijing is predominantly high-frequency hearing loss,and there is a correlation between hearing loss and hypertension and cardiac rhythm abnormalities. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of cardiac rhythm and blood pressure in young and low working-age populations to prevent and control hypertension.

Key words: Occupational noise deafness, Hearing loss, Blood pressure, Heart rhythm

中图分类号:

R135.8

谭建, 陶淮颖, 叶研. 北京地区职业性噪声聋听力损失状况调查及与血压、心律的关联性队列分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(17): 2429-2433.

TAN Jian, TAO Huaiying, YE Yan. Investigation on status of occupational noise induced hearing loss in Beijing and cohort analysis of its association with blood pressure and heart rhythm. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(17): 2429-2433.

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