2020—2022年天津市河东区职业病监测现状分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2020—2022年天津市河东区劳动者职业健康检查结果,了解河东区接触职业危害劳动者健康状况,为河东区职业病防治策略提供科学依据。方法借助国家职业病与职业卫生信息监测平台和天津市职业病与健康危害因素监测平台,收集2020—2022年度用人单位在河东区,接触粉尘、苯、噪声、高温4种职业危害因素劳动者职业健康检查数据和职业病诊断资料,分析河东区新发职业病分布和职业健康检查情况。结果经数据统计发现,2020—2022年河东区新发职业病分别为30、26和8例,呈逐年下降趋势,2020—2022年职业健康检查结果,2021年苯作业人员白细胞异常率最高,且差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.594,P<0.05）;苯作业女工白细胞异常率（χ²=33.139,P<0.05）、中性粒细胞异常率较男工高（χ²=24.873,P<0.05）;噪声作业男工双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB（A）异常率明显高于女工（χ²=62.155,P<0.05）;高温作业工人不同年份、年龄、工龄,血糖和血压异常率差异均有统计学意义。结论尘肺病仍是河东区最主要的职业病,其次为噪声聋,应关注苯中毒和中暑等职业病的散发。

关键词: 职业病, 危害因素, 噪声, 高温

Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational health examination results of workers in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2020 to 2022,understand the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in Hedong District,and provide scientific basis for occupational disease prevention and control strategies in Hedong District. Methods Through national occupational diseases and occupational health information monitoring systems and Tianjin occupational diseases and health hazard factors monitoring systems,occupational health examination data and occupational disease diagnosis data of employees exposed to four occupational hazards of dust,benzene,noise,and high temperature in Hedong District from 2020 to 2022 were collected,and the distribution of new occupational diseases and occupational health examination situation in Hedong District were analyzed. Results From 2020 to 2022,there were 30,26,and 8 new cases of occupational diseases in Hedong District,showing a decreasing trend year by year. According to the occupational health examination results from 2020 to 2022,the abnormal rate of leukocyte in the benzene workers was the highest in 2021,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=6.594,P<0.05）. The abnormal rate of white blood cells（χ²=33.139,P<0.05） and neutrophils in female workers exposed to benzene was higher than that in male workers（χ²=24.873,P<0.05）. The abnormal rate of double-ear high-frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB（A） in male workers exposed to noise was significantly higher than that in female workers（χ²=62.155,P<0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of blood glucose and blood pressure among workers exposed to high temperatures in different years,ages,and years of service. Conclusion Pneumoconiosis remains the most common occupational disease in Hedong District,followed by noise deafness. Attention should be paid to the sporadic occurrence of occupational diseases such as benzene poisoning and heatstroke.

Key words: Occupational disease, Harmful factors, Noise, High temperature

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

杨新明, 陈凤, 杨雪莹, 陈星. 2020—2022年天津市河东区职业病监测现状分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(19): 2710-2714.

YANG Xinming, CHEN Feng, YANG Xueying, CHEN Xing. Analysis on current situation of occupational disease surveillance in Hedong District of Tianjin from 2020 to 2022. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(19): 2710-2714.

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