如皋市常住居民文化程度对营养健康知识知晓情况的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解文化程度对如皋市常住居民营养健康知识知晓情况的影响,为有针对性地开展营养健康教育提供理论依据。方法 2021年4月采用面对面问卷调查形式对如皋市330名常住居民进行营养健康知识横断面调查,按文化程度分为低文化程度、中等文化程度和高等文化程度组3组,利用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。结果高等文化程度组居民及格水平占比最高为70.87%,低文化程度组不及格水平占比最高为51.47%。低文化程度组总体得分[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]为59.25（53.13, 64.50）分,显著低于中等文化程度组[65.00（57.00, 68.50）分]和高等文化程度组[66.00（60.00,70.50）分]（均P<0.01）。知识得分与文化程度呈正相关（r=0.302,P<0.01）。低文化程度组、中等文化程度组和高等文化程度组3组居民在食物与营养素、选择食物、膳食推荐、营养与健康、食品安全和节约食物6方面的知识得分及正确率的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）,其中食物与营养素为各组居民正确率最低项,分别占53.79%、54.88%和61.11%。3组居民在网站搜索、书籍/报纸/期刊/杂志等和宣传讲座等方面的选择程度差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;微信/微博/抖音/快手等软件为各组居民获取营养健康知识选择度最高的途径,分别占85.29%、85.07%和90.55%。结论如皋市常住居民营养健康知识总体水平不高,文化程度直接影响营养健康认知,呈正相关关系,不同文化程度组在6大类营养健康知识方面的得分和正确率及获取途径方面不尽相同。提示开展相关营养健康教育应根据宣教对象文化程度的不同,针对知识短板选择合适的宣教内容及途径。

关键词: 文化程度, 如皋, 居民, 营养健康知识

Abstract: Objective To know the influence of cultural level on the awareness of nutritional and health knowledge among permanent residents in Rugao City,provide theoretical basis for carrying out targeted nutrition and health education. Methods The face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to conduct the cross-sectional survey of nutrition knowledge among 330 permanent residents in Rugao City in April 2021. The residents were divided into low education level group,medium education level group and high education level group according to their educational levels. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The residents with high education level had the highest pass level（70.87%） and those with low education level had the highest fail level（51.47%）. The total score of the low education level group[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 59.25（53.13,64.50）points,which was significantly lower than that of the medium education level group[65.00（57.00,68.50）points] and the high education level group[66.00（60.00, 70.50）points]（P<0.01）. The knowledge score was positively correlated with the education level（r=0.302,P<0.01）. There were statistically significant differences in the knowledge scores and correct rates of food and nutrients,food selection,dietary recommendation,nutrition and health,food safety and food saving among residents of low,medium and high education level groups（all P<0.05）,among which the correct rates of food and nutrients in three groups（53.79%,54.88% and 61.11%）. There were statistically significant differences in choices in terms of website search,books/newspapers/periodicals/magazines and publicity lectures among three groups,and Wechat/Weibo/Douyin/Kuaishou and other software provide the most selective way for residents in each group（85.29%,85.07% and 90.55%） to acquire nutrition and health knowledge. Conclusions The overall level of nutrition and health knowledge of permanent residents in Rugao City is low,and the education level directly affects nutrition cognition,with a positive correlation. The groups with different education level have different scores,correct rates of six categories of nutrition knowledge and access methods. It is suggested that the content and the way of nutrition education should be selected according to the different objects.

Key words: Educational level, Rugao, Residents, Nutrition and health knowledge

中图分类号:

史湘铃, 谭维维. 如皋市常住居民文化程度对营养健康知识知晓情况的影响. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(13): 1803-1808.

SHI Xiangling, TAN Weiwei. Influence of education level on awareness of nutrition and health knowledge of permanent residents in Rugao City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(13): 1803-1808.

参考文献

[1] ASHKAN A,SUR P J,FAY K A,et al.Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries,1990-2017:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J].Lancet,2019,393(10184):1958-1972.
[2] 国务院办公厅.国民营养计划(2017—2030年)[J].营养学报,2017, 39(4):315-320.
[3] 贾小芳,王志宏,张兵,等.2004—2015年中国成年居民膳食营养知识知晓率的变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2020,49(3):345-356.
[4] 潘敏侠,陈海珍,陶凤燕.南通市某三甲医院专业肿瘤护理人员营养知信行现状及影响因素研究[J].现代职业教育,2021(10):87-89.
[5] 吾尔拉加甫·巴德阿拉,吐尔逊江·买买提明,沈静,等.2017年新疆哈密市伊州区居民营养知识知晓率调查[J].实用预防医学,2019, 26(4):456-458.
[6] 王瑜,黄程佳.重庆市城乡幼儿教师营养知识、营养教育态度及行为现状调查[J].重庆第二师范学院学报,2016,29(2):118-121,126.
[7] CHAO G,JIAO X,YANG L,et al.Nutrition policy and healthy China 2030 Building[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2021,75(2):238-246.
[8] JERUSZKA-BIELAK M,KOLLAJTIS-DOLOWY A,SANTORO A,et al.Are nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes reflected in lifestyle and health among elderly people? A study across five european countries[J].Front Physion,2018,9:994.
[9] 郭思宇,王欣,熊心宇.居民膳食行为、营养知识及态度调研报告[J].现代食品,2021(4):224-228.
[10] 冯靖雄,孙昌君,李欢,等.社区居民营养知识、态度及行为的调查研究[J].中国社区医师,2020,36(8):170-171.
[11] 高红兰,韦丽琴,吴小云.文化程度对盐城市中老年人营养健康认知及饮食行为的影响[J].职业与健康,2017,33(12):1639-1643.
[12] 吴波,唐亮,张倩,等.重庆市万州区老年人群营养知识现状调查[J].健康教育与健康促进,2022,17(4):355-358.
[13] 陈玉柱,唐振柱,方志峰,等.广西五地区居民营养知识,膳食行为及影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2016,32(1):36-40.
[14] 李世聪,卢玲玲,严维娜,等.2021年广东省成年居民营养健康素养现况特征分析[J].中国健康教育,2022,38(1):23-27+43.
[15] 樊晓莉,孙桂菊.中国育龄女性膳食营养知识水平变化趋势及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2022,38(6):787-791.
[16] 金伟,高欣怡,史泽环,等.上海市社区居民膳食知识健康教育效果评估[J].中国健康教育,2020,36(8):718-722.
[17] CHANG X,DEFRIES R S,LIU L,et al.Understanding dietary and staple food transitions in China from multiple scales[J].PLoS One,2018, 13(4):e0195775.
[18] 赵方蕾,房红芸,赵丽云,等.2015年中国65岁及以上老年人膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入现状[J].卫生研究,2021,50(1):37-45.
[19] 白晶,王柳森,王惠君,等.1989—2018年中国十五省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入状况[J].卫生研究,2022,51(3):361-366,380.
[20] 朱珍妮,何宇纳,苏丹婷,等.一种用于筛查人群微量营养素不充足风险的食物多样性评分方法的建立[J].营养学报,2021,43(6):604-608,614.
[21] 于冬梅,赵丽云,琚腊红,等.2015—2017年中国居民能量和主要营养素的摄入状况[J].中国食物与营养,2021,27(4):5-10.
[22] 毛涛,曲晨,徐燕,等.江苏省居民新型冠状病毒肺炎相关健康知识传播途径及特征分析[J].江苏预防医学,2022,33(3):288-293.
[23] 白金辉. 社区营养健康教育现状与对策[J].中国初级卫生保健,2021, 35(9):22-24.
[24] 魏素丽. 浅谈融媒体时代健康知识普及的传播模式创新[J].中国中医药现代远程教育,2022,20(16):181-183.
[25] 高皓宇,韦丹梅,芦文丽,等.天津市健康大讲堂观众健康教育媒介使用现状[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2021,29(4):306-309.
[26] 张妍,冯甘雨,丁彩翠,等.微信在线调查对提高蔬果知识知晓率的作用[J].环境卫生学杂志,2020,10(3):284-289.