水痘免费接种策略对南京市水痘流行病学特征的影响分析

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 2059-2063.

水痘免费接种策略对南京市水痘流行病学特征的影响分析

顾润晖^1,2, 伍蓉¹, 丁松宁¹, 马涛¹, 王恒学¹, 丁洁^1,2

1.南京医科大学附属南京疾病预防控制中心急传科,江苏南京 210003;
2.南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京 210003

收稿日期:2023-01-07 修回日期:2023-02-11 发布日期:2026-03-24
通信作者: 丁洁,主任技师,E-mail：yu2an2002@163.com
作者简介:顾润晖,男,医师,主要从事急性传染病防制工作。

Analysis on influence of free vaccination strategy of varicella on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Nanjing City

GU Runhui^1,2, WU Rong¹, DING Songning¹, MA Tao¹, WANG Hengxue¹, DING Jie^1,2

1. Acute Infectious Disease Department,Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210003,China;
2. School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210003,China

Received:2023-01-07 Revised:2023-02-11 Published:2026-03-24
Contact: DING Jie,Chief technician,E-mail：yu2an2002@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解2014—2021年南京市水痘流行病学特征及2018年11月水痘疫苗纳入南京市免疫规划后对流行特征可能的影响。方法使用描述流行病学方法,对2014—2021年南京市水痘发病情况进行分析,通过χ²检验分析发病率变化。应用ArcGIS计算莫兰指数方法对南京市各地区发病率进行空间自相关分析。结果 2014—2021年南京市共报告水痘病例76 707例,水痘暴发疫情83起。水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划前后平均发病率分别为172.021/10万和154.972/10万,差异有统计学意义（χ²=205.157,P<0.05）。水痘暴发起数和病例数自2019年开始出现下降趋势,由2019年的29起681例下降至2021年5起160例,水痘公卫突发事件在全市公共卫生突发事件中的比例也由2018年的48.98%下降至2021年的35.71%。每年发病高峰为5—6月和11—12月,2021年冬季峰值为2017年以来的最低值,仅与当年5—6月高峰持平,发病人群主要为0~<11岁的幼托儿童和学生,但0~<5岁、5~<10岁儿童2021年发病率较2018年分别下降了72.64%和64.97%,全市仅2020年和2021年出现空间聚集性,莫兰指数分别为0.291及0.258。结论水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划后水痘发病显著下降,应加大水痘疫苗免疫程序宣传力度,提高水痘疫苗的接种率。

关键词: 水痘, 疫苗, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Nanjing City from 2014 to 2021 and possible influence of varicella vaccine included in the Nanjing immunization plan in November 2018. Methods The descriptive epidemiological methods was used to analyze the incidence of varicella in Nanjing City from 2014 to 2021,and χ² test was used to analyze the changes in incidence rate. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of incidence rate in different regions of Nanjing City was carried out by using ArcGIS to calculate Moran's I. Results From 2014 to 2021,totally 76 707 varicella cases and 83 varicella outbreaks were reported in Nanjing City. The average incidence rate before and after the varicella vaccine included in the immunization plan was 172.021/100 000 and 154.972/100 000 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=205.157,P<0.05）.The number of outbreaks and related cases has declined since 2019,from 29 outbreaks and 681 cases in 2019 to 5 outbreaks and 160 cases in 2021. The proportion of public health emergencies caused by varicella to total public health emergencies has also decreased from 48.98% in 2018 to 35.71% in 2021. The peaks of incidence occurred from May to June and from November to December. The winter peak in 2021 was the lowest since 2017,which was only the same as the peak from May to June of that year. The cases mainly occurred in preschool children and students aged 0-<11 years old. However,the incidence rate of children aged 0-<5 and 6-<10 years old decreased by 72.64% and 64.97% respectively as compared with 2018. The spatial aggregation was only observed in 2020 and 2021,and the Moran's I was 0.291 and 0.258 respectively. Conclusion The incidence rate of varicella significantly reduced after varicella vaccine included in the immunization plan,and it is necessary to increase the publicity efforts for the vaccination program of varicella vaccine and increase the coverage rate of varicella vaccine.

Key words: Varicella, Vaccine, Epidemiological characteristics

中图分类号:

R181.3

顾润晖, 伍蓉, 丁松宁, 马涛, 王恒学, 丁洁. 水痘免费接种策略对南京市水痘流行病学特征的影响分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(15): 2059-2063.

GU Runhui, WU Rong, DING Songning, MA Tao, WANG Hengxue, DING Jie. Analysis on influence of free vaccination strategy of varicella on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Nanjing City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(15): 2059-2063.

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