上海市初中生的电子烟认知和禁烟态度及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解上海市初中生对电子烟的认知和禁烟态度及其影响因素。方法 2021年10—12月随机抽取上海市2 281名初中生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括烟草流行情况、电子烟认知和禁烟态度及未来电子烟使用意愿,并对数据进行分析。结果上海市初中生电子烟尝试率为2.54%,男生（3.18%）高于女生（1.91%）。上海市初中生的电子烟危害认知、益处认知和禁烟态度得分分别为（25.46±6.00）、（15.82±9.12）和（13.84±2.60）分。电子烟危害认知、益处认知和禁烟态度平均得分分别为（25.46±6.00）、（15.82±9.12）和（13.84±2.60）分。成绩靠后、零花钱多、朋友和个人使用卷烟以及朋友、家人和个人使用电子烟的初中生对电子烟表现出更低的危害认知（t/F=14.99、8.40、2.84、4.63、4.99、6.08、6.72,均P<0.05）,更消极的禁烟态度（t/F=34.31、8.35、4.61、3.70、4.89、3.14、5.92,均P<0.05）和更高的益处认知（t/F=11.18、18.80、7.20、2.54、7.59、2.56、3.39,均P<0.05）。男生、年级越高的初中生对电子烟危害的认知更低（t/F=3.05、7.13,均P<0.05）。初中生电子烟危害认知越高及禁烟态度越积极,未来使用电子烟意愿越弱（aOR=0.92,95%CI：0.89~0.95;aOR=0.88,95%CI：0.82~0.94）;而益处认知越高,初中生未来使用意愿越强（aOR=1.04,95%CI：1.01~1.07）。结论初中生电子烟的认知和态度影响其未来使用电子烟的意愿,月零花钱数、成绩水平、父母、朋友以及本人是否使用电子烟是影响上海市初中生对电子烟认知和态度的主要因素。提高初中生对电子烟正确认知和对禁烟的支持需要采取更全面的措施。

关键词: 初中生, 电子烟, 认知, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of cognition and anti-smoking attitude of e-cigarettes among junior high school students in Shanghai. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 2 281 junior high school students randomly selected in Shanghai from October to December in 2021.The survey content includes tobacco prevalence,e-cigarette cognition and anti-smoking attitude,and future e-cigarette use intention. And the data were analyzed. Results The attempt rate of e-cigarette among junior high school students in Shanghai was 2.54%,and the rate in boys（3.18%） was higher than that in girls （1.91%）. The scores of e-cigarette hazard cognition,benefit cognition and anti-smoking attitude among junior high school students in Shanghai were （25.46±6.00）,（15.82±9.12） and （13.84±2.60）points,respectively. The average scores of e-cigarette hazard cognition,benefit cognition and anti-smoking attitude were （25.46±6.00）,（15.82±9.12） and （13.84±2.60）points,respectively. The junior high school students with poor achievement,more pocket money,friends and personal use of cigarettes and friends,family and personal use of e-cigarettes showed lower hazard perception of e-cigarettes（t/F=14.99,8.40,2.84,4.63,4.99,6.08,6.72,all P<0.05）,more negative attitudes towards smoking ban（t/F=34.31,8.35,4.61,3.70,4.89,3.14,5.92,all P<0.05）,and higher benefit perception（t/F=11.18,18.80,7.20,2.54,7.59,2.56,3.39,all P<0.05）. The gender and grade were related to the cognition of e-cigarette（t/F=3.05,7.13,both P<0.05）,and boys and junior high school students with higher grades had lower perception of the hazards of e-cigarettes. The higher the risk awareness of e-cigarettes as well as the more positive the attitude towards smoking banning,the weaker willingness of the junior high school students to smoke e-cigarettes in the future（aOR=0.92,95%CI：0.89-0.95;aOR=0.88,95%CI：0.82-0.94）. The higher the benefit perception,the stronger the participants' willingness to smoke e-cigarettes in the future（aOR=1.04,95%CI：1.01-1.07）. Conclusions The cognition and attitude of e-cigarettes affect the willingness of junior high school students to use e-cigarettes in the future. The main factors affecting the cognition and attitude towards e-cigarettes of junior high school students in Shanghai are pocket money,grades,as well as parents,friends and individuals use of e-cigarettes.Improving junior high school students' correct cognition of e-cigarettes and support for anti-smoking requires more comprehensive measures.

Key words: Junior high school students, E-cigarette, Cognition, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R181.3

胡其涛, 王娟娟, 陆唯怡, 张露露, 朱静芬. 上海市初中生的电子烟认知和禁烟态度及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(16): 2254-2258.

HU Qitao,WANG Juanjuan,LU Weiyi,ZHANG Lulu,ZHU Jingfen. Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of cognition and anti-smoking attitude towards e-cigarettes among junior high school students in Shanghai. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(16): 2254-2258.

参考文献

[1] 谢臣晨,贾晓娴,龚正阳,等.全球电子烟流行情况及应对策略[J].中国公共卫生,2021,37(10):1571-1574.
[2] 玛尔孜娅·玉苏甫江,李嘉慧,李娜,等.青少年电子烟使用现状及影响因素分析[J].健康教育与健康促进,2019,14(3):208-212.
[3] TZORTZI A,KAPETANSTRATAKI M,EVANGELOPOULOU V,et al.A systematic literature review of E-cigarette-related illness and injury:Not just for the respirologist[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2020, 17(7):2248.
[4] CHYDERIOTIS S,BENMARHNIA T,BECK F,et al.Does e-cigarette experimentation increase the transition to daily smoking among young ever-smokers in France?[J].Drug Alcohol Depend,2020,208:107853.
[5] CHAFFEE B W,BARRINGGTON-TRIMIS J,LIU F,et al.E-cigarette use and adverse respiratory symptoms among adolescents and Young adults in the United States[J].Prev Med,2021,153:106766.
[6] LECHNER W V,MURPHY C M,COLBY S M,et al.Cognitive risk factors of electronic and combustible cigarette use in adolescents[J].Addict Behav,2018:182-188.
[7] GORUKANTI A,DELUCCHI K,LING P,et al.Adolescents' attitudes towards e-cigarette ingredients,safety,addictive properties,social norms, and regulation[J].Prev Med,2017:65-71.
[8] 刘艳红,张磊,陆斌,等.深圳市宝安区中学生吸烟流行情况及影响因素分析[J].应用预防医学,2020,26(5):379-382.
[9] 秦冉,郭欣,符筠,等.北京市知晓电子烟中小学生电子烟使用及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2021,42(12):1807-1811,1815.
[10] 李艳妮,关素珍,贺宝福,等.宁夏回族自治区青少年使用电子烟现状调查[J].预防医学,2021,33(3):259-263.
[11] MCROBBIE H,PHILLIPS A,GONIEWICZ M L,et al.Effects of switching to electronic cigarettes with and without concurrent smoking on exposure to nicotine,carbon monoxide,and acrolein[J].Cancer Prev Res (Phila),2015,8(9):873-878.
[12] NAPOLITANO M A,LYNCH S B,STANTON C A.Young adult e-cigarette users:Perceptions of stress,body image,and weight control[J].Eat Weight Disord,2020,25(2):487-495.
[13] STRONG D R,MYERS M,LINKE S,et al.Gender differences influence overweight smokers' experimentation with electronic nicotine delivery systems[J].Addict Behav,2015,49:20-25.
[14] PINEIRO B,CORREA J B,SIMMONS V N,et al.Gender differences in use and expectancies of e-cigarettes:Online survey results[J].Addict Behav,2015,52:91-97.
[15] POKHREL P,HERZOG T A,FANGAN P,et al.E-cigarette advertising exposure,explicit and implicit harm perceptions,and E-cigarette use susceptibility among nonsmoking young adults[J].Nicotine Tob Res, 2019,21(1):127-131.
[16] HANAFIN J,SUNDAY S,CLANCY L.Friends and family matter most:A trend analysis of increasing e-cigarette use among Irish teenagers and socio-demographic,personal,peer and familial associations[J].BMC Public Health,2021,3(1):1988.
[17] 刘志坤. 社会环境、同群效应对青少年群体偏差行为作用研究[J].潍坊学院学报,2021,21(6):102-106.
[18] 共青团中央维护青少年权益部,中国互联网络信息中心,中国青少年新媒体协会.2020年全国未成年人互联网使用情况研究报告[R/OL].(2021-07-20)[2022-08-16].http://www.cnnic.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/qsnbg/202107/t20210720_71505.htm.
[19] NABI-BURZA E,REGAN S,WALTERS B H,et al.Parental dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes[J].Acad Pediatr,2019,19(7):842-848.
[20] COHEN N,JETER J,SCHISSLEER K,et al.Poor perception and knowledge of electronic cigarettes among adolescents and their parents[J].Pediatr Emerg Care,2022,38(2):e709-e713.
[21] PARK E,CHO S I,SEO H G,et al.Attitudes of Korean smokers towards smoke-free public places:Findings from the longitudinal ITC Korea Survey,2005-2010[J].BMJ Open,2019,9(8):e025298.
[22] JIANG N,CLELAND C M,WANG M P,et al.Perceptions and use of e-cigarettes among young adults in Hong Kong[J].BMC Public Health, 2019,19(1):1123.
[23] PEPPER J K,RIBISL K M,BREWER N T.Adolescents' interest in trying flavoured e-cigarettes[J].Tob Control,2016,25(Suppl2):ii62-ii66.
[24] DEVITO E E,KRISHNAN-SARIN S.E-cigarettes:Impact of e-liquid components and device characteristics on nicotine exposure[J].Curr Neuropharmacol,2018,16(4):438-459.
[25] 国家烟草专卖局.电子烟管理办法(国家烟草专卖局公告2022年第1号)[S/OL].(2022-03-14)[2022-12-16].http://scjgj.yibin.gov.cn/sy/xxgk/zcwj/202203/t20220314_1710086.html.