关键词: 老年人, 膳食结构, 血脂异常, 城乡差异

Abstract: Objective To understand the difference in dietary structure between urban and rural elderly people in Fuzhou City and its impact on health,and analyze the related factors affecting dyslipidemia. Methods From 2019 to 2020,the proportional to population size（PPS） sampling method was adopted,a total of 54 administrative villages（neighborhood committees） in 18 towns（streets） from three survey sites were selected,and totally 2 844 permanent residents aged ≥60 years old were collected to perform a 3 d×24 h dietary review and weighing method survey. Results There were 980 people from Jin'an District in urban area,970 people from Fuqing City in small and medium-sized cities,and 894 people from Minqing County in rural areas. There were statistically significant differences in age,educational level,and annual per capita income between urban and rural elderly people in Fuzhou City（all P<0.01）. Compared with the recommended values,the intakes of the elderly at the three survey sites were higher than the recommended values in terms of salt,sugar,energy,fat,vitamin E,sodium,manganese,and iodine,while lower in the intakes of fruits,milk,vitamin A,B1,B2,calcium,potassium,and magnesium. There were statistically significant differences in the intake of different foods,three major nutrients,vitamins and minerals among the elderly at the three survey sites（all P<0.01）. Among them,the elderly in rural areas had lower intakes of fruits,animal foods,soybeans,nuts,milk,protein,vitamin C,zinc and selenium,while the elderly in urban areas had higher rates of dyslipidemia,overweight and obesity,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The multivariate regression analysis showed that males,college degree or above,central obesity,history of hypertension,fat >70 g/d,oil >25 g/d in urban area,and males,age of 60-<70 years old,body mass index ≥28 kg/m²,fat >70 g/d in small and medium-sized cities,and primary school and below education,central obesity,fat >70 g/d,animal food >200 g/d in the rural area were positively correlated with dyslipidemia,while the vegetable intake >500 g/d in urban elderly,the intake of fruits >350 g/d in medium and small cities,and the intake of fruits >350 g/d,soybeans and nuts >35 g/d,and milk >500 g/d in the rural elderly were negatively correlated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion The dietary structure of the elderly in Fuzhou City is unreasonable,the prevalence of dyslipidemia,overweight and obesity are high,and dyslipidemia is related to gender,obesity,history of hypertension and unreasonable food intake.

Key words: The elderly, Dietary structure, Dyslipidemia, Urban-rural differences