共情疲劳在门诊护士组织支持感和关怀患者行为间的中介效应

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 498-503.

共情疲劳在门诊护士组织支持感和关怀患者行为间的中介效应

刘星星, 何方, 田甜, 张俊, 吉元娇, 仲月霞

空军军医大学第二附属医院门诊部,陕西西安 710038

收稿日期:2024-06-27 修回日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 仲月霞,主任护师,E-mail：zhongyuexia1@126.com
作者简介:刘星星,男,护师,主要从事门诊护理工作。

Mediating effect of compassion fatigue between perceived organizational support and caring behavior among outpatient nurses

LIU Xingxing, HE Fang, TIAN Tian, ZHANG Jun, JI Yuanjiao, ZHONG Yuexia

Outpatient Department,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi 'an,Shaanxi 710038,China

Received:2024-06-27 Revised:2024-07-08 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-12-12
Contact: ZHONG Yuexia,Chief nurse,E-mail：zhongyuexia1@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨门诊护士组织支持感、共情疲劳与关怀行为间的关系,分析共情疲劳在护士组织支持感和关怀行为间的中介效应。方法便利抽样选取西安市7所三级甲等医院425名门诊护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、关怀行为量表、组织支持感量表和共情疲劳简短量表进行调查。结果门诊护士关怀行为、组织支持感及共情疲劳总分[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]为119.00（107.00,136.00）、46.00（40.00,52.00）和43.00（24.00,51.00）分。门诊护士共情疲劳与关怀行为、组织支持感均呈负相关（r_s=-0.650、-0.540,均P<0.01）,组织支持感与关怀行为呈正相关（r_s=0.468,P<0.01）。共情疲劳在护士组织支持感和关怀行为间的中介效应为0.244,占总效应的65.42%。结论西安市7所三级甲等医院门诊护士关怀行为、组织支持感和共情疲劳水平均有待改善。护理管理者应重视组织支持感及共情疲劳对门诊护士关怀行为的影响,通过提供充足的组织支持性资源,缓解护士的共情疲劳,减少其心理资源的损耗,促进门诊护士更好地实施关怀行为。

关键词: 门诊护士, 关怀行为, 组织支持感, 共情疲劳, 中介作用

Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between perceived organizational support,compassion fatigue and caring behavior among outpatient nurses,and to analyze the mediating effect of compassion fatigue on perceived organizational support and caring behavior in nurses. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 425 outpatient nurses from 7 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Xi'an as the research subjects. General information questionnaire,caring behavior scale,perceived organizational support scale,and compassion fatigue brief scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of caring behavior,perceived organizational support and compassion fatigue[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of outpatient nurses were 119.00（107.00,136.00）,46.00（40.00,52.00） and 43.00（24.00,51.00）points. Outpatient nurses' compassion fatigue was negatively correlated with caring behavior and perceived organizational support（r_s=-0.650,-0.540,both P<0.01）,while perceived organizational support was positively correlated with caring behavior（r_s=0.468,P<0.01）.The mediating effect of compassion fatigue on nurses' perceived organizational support and caring behavior was 0.244,accounting for 65.42% of the total effect. Conclusion The levels of caring behavior,perceived organizational support and compassion fatigue of outpatient nurses need to be improved. Nursing managers should pay attention to the influence of perceived organizational support and compassion fatigue on the caring behavior of outpatient nurses,and provide adequate organizational support resources to alleviate the compassion fatigue of nurses,reduce the loss of psychological resources,and promote the better implementation of caring behavior by outpatient nurses.

Key words: Outpatient nurses, Caring behavior, Perceived organizational support, Compassion fatigue, Mediating effect

刘星星, 何方, 田甜, 张俊, 吉元娇, 仲月霞. 共情疲劳在门诊护士组织支持感和关怀患者行为间的中介效应. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(4): 498-503.

LIU Xingxing, HE Fang, TIAN Tian, ZHANG Jun, JI Yuanjiao, ZHONG Yuexia. Mediating effect of compassion fatigue between perceived organizational support and caring behavior among outpatient nurses. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(4): 498-503.

参考文献

[1] 关于印发进一步改善护理服务行动计划(2023—2025年)的通知[J].中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会公报,2023(6):5-8.
[2] LI Y S,LIU C F,YU W P,et al.Caring behaviours and stress perception among student nurses in different nursing programmes:A cross-sectional study[J].Nurse Educ Pract,2020,48:102856.
[3] 任莹,郭舒婕,郭云飞,等.郑州市三级甲等医院门急诊护士人文关怀能力现况调查及影响因素分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2023, 41(6):413-416.
[4] 佘喜云,何瑾云,曾讯.门诊护士关怀行为现状及其影响因素研究[J].现代临床护理,2023,22(10):24-29.
[5] 胡玉莲,章雅青.工作压力、心理韧性、领悟社会支持对辅助生殖科护士共情疲劳的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(医学版),2021,41(12):1565-1571,1564.
[6] 檀江燕,赵红,隋聪.门诊护士职业压力评估及人文关怀机制分析[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2021,27(12):40-42.
[7] 周川茹,黄霞,王聪,等.四川省24所三级医院ICU护士关怀行为的现状及影响因素研究[J].中华护理杂志,2022,57(15):1868-1873.
[8] 姚颖,魏万宏,王忠祥,等.河南省某肿瘤专科医院护士组织支持感与共情疲劳的相关性研究[J].医学与社会,2020,33(4):114-117.
[9] AHMAD R,NAWAZ M R,ISHAQ M I,et al.Social exchange theory:Systematic review and future directions[J].Front Psychol,2023,13:1015921.
[10] MAZZETTI G,ROBLEDO E,VIGNOLI M,et al.Work Engagement:A meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands-Resources Model[J].Psychol Rep,2023,126(3):1069-1107.
[11] 陈志霞. 知识员工组织支持感对工作绩效和离职倾向的影响[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.
[12] 左红梅. 护士组织支持感与组织承诺的关系研究[D].太原:山西医科大学,2009.
[13] ADAMS R E,BOSCARINO J A,FIGLEY C R.Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers:A validation study[J].Am J Orthopsychiatry,2006,76(1):103-108.
[14] 孙炳海,江奕儒,楼宝娜,等.医护人员共情疲劳的发生机制:有中介的调节效应模型[J].心理研究,2014,7(1):59-65.
[15] WOLF Z R,GIARDINO E R,OSBORNE P A,et al.Dimensions of nurse caring[J].Image J Nurs Sch,1994,26(2):107-112.
[16] 达朝锦. 关怀行为量表的汉化及其中文版的信度、效度研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.
[17] 肖凤,宋慧娟,任英,等.临床护士自我效能感在情绪智力与关怀行为间的中介调节作用[J].护理学报,2022,29(3):62-66.
[18] 白静. 医院伦理氛围对护士关怀行为的影响:有调节的中介效应[D].承德:承德医学院,2023.
[19] 王金玲. 长春市养老机构护理人员人文关怀能力现状及影响因素研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2020.
[20] 全国护理事业发展规划(2021—2025年)[J].中国护理管理,2022,22(6):801-804.
[21] 廖晨霞,杜华,韩江英,等.心理弹性在肿瘤科护士共情疲劳与人文关怀能力间的中介效应[J].职业与健康,2023,39(21):2939-2943.
[22] 顾添培,王荣,宫靓雯,等.组织支持感在护士品格优势与职业幸福感间的中介作用[J].中国护理管理,2022,22(12):1872-1876.
[23] 王译曼,李瑞玲,张乐乐,等.正念干预在护士共情疲劳中应用的范围综述[J].中华护理杂志,2023,58(9):1142-1148.
[24] 王娟. 临床护士组织支持感对工作投入的影响[D].济南:山东大学,2022.
[25] 於茗,王慧,张琴,等.感知护士长关怀在精神科护士共情疲劳与关怀患者行为间的中介效应[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(1):76-79.
[26] COETZEE S K,LASCHINGER H K S.Toward a comprehensive,theoretical model of compassion fatigue:An integrative literature review[J].Nurs Health Sci,2018,20(1):4-15.
[27] MARSHMAN C,HANSEN A,MUNRO I.Compassion fatigue in mental health nurses:A systematic review[J].J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs,2022,29(4):529-543.
[28] 张致琴,张全英,李雪.河南省三甲医院临床护士关怀行为的影响因素及路径分析[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2023,31(11):1658-1665.
[29] WANG M F,HE Q,LIU Z,et al.The relationship between perceived organizational support and insomnia in Chinese nurses:The Serial multiple mediation analysis[J].Front Psychol,2022,13:1026317.