关键词: 航天设备制造业, 手传振动, 手臂振动病, 职业健康

Abstract: Objective To investigate hand-transmitted vibration（HTV） exposure level and occupational health management status of riveting and grinding workers in aerospace equipment manufacturing industry,so as to provide basis for prevention and control of occupational arm vibration disease（OHAVD） and provide guidance for enterprises to implement occupational health management. Methods From March to September 2022,118 aerospace equipment manufacturing enterprises were investigated,enterprises with riveting and grinding operations were selected as the research objects,the exposure intensity of operators to HTV was tested,occupational hygiene survey was conducted on the job site,and the measurement and investigation results were analyzed. Results Among the 118 aerospace equipment manufacturing enterprises,there were 20 enterprises involved riveting process,of which 2 enterprises tested the strength of HTV,accounting for 10%.The riveting operation mainly occurs in the general assembly and assembly links,involving 156 operators.All workers had self-conscious symptoms of HTV exposure such as hand numbness and hand pain.There were 57 enterprises with grinding process,and 10 enterprises organized to test strength of HTV at grinding operation posts,accounting for 17.5%.Grinding mainly occurs in welding,bonding and other supporting processes,and some in polishing,deburring and other post-treatment processes.619 operators were involved,of which 248 workers self-conscious symptoms of HTV exposure such as hand numbness and hand pain,accounting for 39.7%,and women had significant subjective symptoms. Among the investigated enterprises,only 2 enterprises organized workers exposed to HTV to undergo occupational health examination,and no abnormal results related to occupational exposure were found. The HTV strength measurement results showed that the HTV strength a_hw(4) of workers in riveting workplace ranges from 0.47-33.09 m/s²,and the over-standard rate was 33.3%. The measurement range of HTV strength a_hw(4) of workers in grinding workplace was 0.012-7.64 m/s²,and the over-standard rate was 5.56%. Conclusions HTV is one of the main occupational hazards in riveting and grinding operations of aerospace equipment manufacturing industry,which should be paid attention to by enterprise managers and workers. Enterprises can explore the use of welding instead of riveting process,vibration reduction for grinding equipment design handle,and workers equipped with special vibration isolation gloves to reduce the harm of HTV. The HTV detection rate and occupational health inspection rate in riveting and grinding work sites of aerospace equipment manufacturing industry are low,so the HTV detection rate and occupational health inspection rate of personnel in riveting and grinding work sites should be increased.

Key words: Aerospace equipment manufacturing industry, Hand-transmitted vibration, Occupational hand-arm vibration disease, Occupational health