职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 825-828.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

医学应用放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核水平影响因素分析

梅丹1, 马奎1(), 程静2, 罗伟1, 王静1, 王芳1   

  1. 1 湖北省疾病预防控制中心湖北 武汉 430079
    2 武汉科技大学湖北 武汉 430065
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15 修回日期:2025-04-30 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-04-03
  • 通信作者: 马奎
  • 作者简介:马奎,E-mail:71021800@qq.com
    梅丹,女,主管护师,主要从事职业健康监护相关工作。

Analysis of the factors influencing the lymphocyte micronucleus level in medical radiation workers

MEI Dan1, MA Kui1(), CHENG Jing2, LUO Wei1, WANG Jing1, WANG Fang1   

  1. 1 Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhanHubei 430079, China
    2 Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan Hubei, 430065, China
  • Received:2025-04-15 Revised:2025-04-30 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-04-03
  • Contact: MA Kui

摘要:

目的 了解医学应用放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核水平的影响因素。 方法 选择2023年在湖北省疾病预防控制中心参加职业健康检查的716名放射工作人员为研究对象,其中在岗期间职业健康检查者(n=536)为受照组,同年同机构上岗前职业健康检查者(n=180)为对照组,采用描述分析、单因素分析、多因素泊松回归分析医学应用放射工作人员的微核检查结果及其影响因素。 结果 不同工种间比较,核医学组个人年有效剂量[MP25P75)]最高[0.22(0.11,0.38)mSv],其次是介入放射学组[0.13(0.06,0.22)mSv],组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同接害工龄间比较,接害工龄1~<5年组个人年有效剂量最高[0.13(0.07,0.20)mSv],接害工龄≥20年组最低,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);受照组微核率、微核检出率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);受照组微核率、微核检出率与年龄均呈正相关(P<0.05);受照组女性微核率、微核检出率均高于男性(均P<0.05);介入诊断组微核率、微核检出率明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。 结论 性别、年龄及工种是放射工作人员微核率、微核检出率的影响因素,应加强高年资、女性及介入放射工作人员的辐射防护。

关键词: 电离辐射, 医学应用放射工作人员, 有效剂量, 外周血淋巴细胞微核

Abstract:

Objective To explore the influencing factors of micronucleus levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers. Methods A total of 716 radiation workers who participated in occupational health examinations at the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Among them,536 workers who underwent occupational health examinations during their employment were the exposed group,while 180 workers who underwent pre-employment occupational health examinations at the same institution in the same year were the control group. Descriptive analysis,univariate analysis,and multivariate Poisson regression were used to analyze the micronucleus examination results and influencing factors of medical radiation workers. Results Compared among different job types,the annual effective dose[MP25P75)] of the nuclear medicine group was the highest[0.22(0.11,0.38)mSv],followed by the interventional radiology group[0.13(0.06,0.22)mSv],with statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.05). Compared with different exposure durations, the annual effective dose of the group with an exposure duration of 1-<5 years was the highest[0.13(0.07,0.20)mSv],and the group with an exposure duration of ≥20 years was the lowest,with statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.05). The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were positively correlated with age(both P<0.05). The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the exposed group were higher in females than in males(both P<0.05). The micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate in the interventional diagnosis group were significantly higher than those in the control group(both P<0.05). Conclusion Gender,age,and job type are influencing factors on the micronucleus rate and micronucleus detection rate of radiation workers. It is necessary to strengthen radiation protection for senior,female,and interventional radiation workers.

Key words: Ionizing radiation, Medical applied radiology workers, Effective dose, Peripheral blood lymphocyte micronuclei

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