职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 849-853.

• 卫生管理与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室建设与检测现状调查

祝伟娜, 杨文波, 张欣, 王金亮, 职建军   

  1. 安阳市疾病预防控制中心河南 安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-04-03
  • 作者简介:祝伟娜,女,主管技师,主要从事传染病检测与预防控制工作。

Investigation on construction and testing status of AIDS screening laboratory in Anyang City

ZHU Weina, YANG Wenbo, ZHANG Xin, WANG Jinliang, ZHI Jianjun   

  1. Anyang Center for Disease Control and PreventionAnyangHenan 450000, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-04-03

摘要:

目的 全面调查安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室分布、人员资质、仪器设备及检验工作开展现状,掌握筛查实验室质量控制水平、生物安全、试剂管理等情况,了解实际工作中的困难和问题,建立健全安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室网络,为全市艾滋病检测工作质量提升提供科学依据。 方法 通过“全国艾滋病检测实验室信息管理系统”调取2023年安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室信息和检测数据,结合2023年安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室质量考评、现场调研及督导情况,分析安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室的区域分布、人员资质,实验室建设覆盖率、质量管理及检测现状。 结果 安阳市共有52家在用艾滋病筛查实验室,二级以上(含二级)的医疗机构艾滋病筛查实验室建设率为81.25%,12家医疗机构未建立艾滋病筛查实验室,均为县(市、区)级二级医疗机构。各县(市、区)筛查实验室建成覆盖率达到100.00%,安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室平均地理分布密度为0.70个/100 km2,平均服务每万人实验室数量为0.10个,各县(市、区)实验室地理分布密度和服务每万人实验室数量存在差距;各县(市、区)实验室人力资源配置100.00%符合筛查实验室要求。2023年度筛查实验室质量考评参加率为100.00%,合格率为100.00%,优秀(A级)、良好(B级)、中等(C级)和差级(D级)数量分别为6家(11.54%)、12家(23.08%)、32家(61.54%)和2家(3.85%)。安阳市HIV抗体筛查总检测量965 652人次,HIV抗体筛查有反应数623人次,平均有反应率为0.065%;各县(市、区)筛查有反应率和常住人口检测比例差异有统计学意义,各机构类型筛查有反应率差异有统计学意义。 结论 安阳市艾滋病筛查实验室检测网络的建立和逐步完善,基本满足安阳市艾滋病检测工作需求,各实验室人力资源配置合理,日常管理较为完善,但各县(市、区)实验室检测能力不均衡,仍需进一步提升艾滋病筛查实验室建设率和检测覆盖率,加强实验室建设和质量管理。

关键词: 人类免疫缺陷病毒, 艾滋病筛查实验室, 检测

Abstract:

Objective To comprehensively investigate the distribution,personnel qualification,equipment and testing of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City,master the quality control level,biosafety,reagent management in laboratories,understand the difficulties and problems in actual work,establish and improve the network of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City,and provide scientific basis for the quality improvement of AIDS testing in the city. Methods The information and testing data of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City in 2023 was retrieved through the "National AIDS Testing Laboratory Information Management System". The regional distribution,personnel qualifications,laboratory construction coverage,quality management and testing status of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City were analyzed in combination with the quality assessment,field research and supervision report of AIDS screening laboratories in 2023. Results There were 52 AIDS screening laboratories in use in Anyang City,the construction rate of AIDS screening laboratories in medical institutions above levelⅡ(including levelⅡ) was 81.25%,12 medical institutions had not established AIDS screening laboratories,and they were all county(city,district) level secondary medical institutions. The coverage rate of screening laboratories in each county(city,district) has reached 100.00%. The average geographical distribution density of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City was 0.70/100 km2,the average number of laboratories serving every 10 000 people in the city was 0.10,and there was a gap in the geographical distribution density of laboratories and the number of laboratories serving every 10 000 people among counties(cities,districts). The human resource allocation of laboratories in all counties(cities,districts) met 100.00% of the screening laboratory requirements. The participation rate and pass rate for the quality evaluation of screening laboratories in 2023 were both 100.00%. The number of excellent(A level),good(B level),medium(C level),and poor(D level) laboratories was 6(11.54%),12(23.08%),32(61.54%),and 2(3.85%),respectively. The total number of HIV antibody screening tests in Anyang City was 965 652 person-time,with 623 response cases and an average response rate of 0.065%. There were statistically significant differences in the response rate of screening and the proportion of resident population among counties(cities and districts),and in the response rate of screening among different types of institutions. Conclusions The establishment and gradual improvement of the testing network of AIDS screening laboratories in Anyang City basically meet the needs of AIDS testing in the city. The human resources allocation in each laboratory is reasonable,and the daily management is relatively complete. However,the testing capabilities of laboratories are uneven in counties(cities and districts),so it is necessary to further improve the construction rate and detection coverage of AIDS screening laboratories,and strengthen laboratory construction and quality management.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS screening laboratory, Detection

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