国内外养老机构老年人跌倒研究可视化对比分析及危险因素meta分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解国内外养老机构老年人跌倒研究现状及趋势,系统分析养老机构老年人跌倒危险因素,为制定养老机构老年人跌倒的预防措施提供参考依据。方法采用Citespace软件对中国知网与Web of Science数据库关于养老机构老年人跌倒研究现状及趋势进行可视化分析。计算机检索中国知网、CBM数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库、Pubmed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Eambase数据库中从建库至2023年1月有关养老机构老年人跌倒危险因素的相关文献,按照标准筛选并评估文献,采用Review Manager 5.3进行统计分析。结果可视化分析呈现国内外关于养老机构老年人跌倒研究发文量呈整体上升趋势。现阶段国内对养老机构老年人跌倒研究集中于危险因素和安全管理,目标人群为衰弱老人,热点包括智慧养老和照护方式;国外以跌倒愈后为重点,探索跌倒造成躯体及心理损害的原因及不良后果。Meta分析共纳入相关文献15篇,累计样本量11 588例,结果显示,年龄、性别、认知障碍、视力异常、服用多种药物、平衡能力、合并慢性疾病、跌倒史、精神类药物、高血压与养老机构老年人跌倒相关,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论国内外养老机构老年人跌倒情况较为严峻,需加强领域间交流与合作,预测不同特征养老机构老年人跌倒发生风险,运用科技手段降低养老机构老年人跌倒发生率,进行早期预防。同时,关注养老机构老年人跌倒后心理及生理的预后效果,完善养老机构老年人跌倒风险事件的全程管理。

关键词: 养老机构, 老年人, 跌倒, 可视化分析, 危险因素, Meta分析

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation and trend of research on falls among elderly people in elderly care institutions at home and abroad,and systematically analyze the risk factors of falls among elderly people in elderly care institutions,so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating preventive measures for the elderly in elderly care institutions. Methods Citespace software was used to visually analyze the current situation and trend of the research on falls among elderly people in elderly care institutions in databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI） and Web of Science. The relevant literature on fall risk factors of elderly people in elderly care institutions was retrieved from CNKI,CBM database,Wanfang database,VIP database,Pubmed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library and Eambase databases from the database establishment to January 2023. Literature was screened and evaluated according to the criteria,and Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Results The visualization analysis showed an overall increasing trend in the number of research papers on falls among elderly people in elderly care institutions at home and abroad. At present,the domestic research on elderly falls in elderly care institutions focused on risk factors and safety management,and the target population was the frail elderly,and the hotspots included smart old-age care and care methods. Foreign countries focused on post-fall treatment,exploring the causes and adverse consequences of physical and psychological damage caused by falls. A total of 15 relevant literatures were included in the meta-analysis,with a cumulative sample size of 11 588 cases. The results showed that age,gender,cognitive impairment,vision abnormality,taking multiple drugs,balance ability,comorbidities of chronic diseases,history of falls,psychiatric drugs,and hypertension were associated with falls in elderly people in elderly care institutions,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the in-depth integration and communication among fields in China,discover the fall risk of elderly people in elderly care institutions according to the predictability of risk factors,and use intelligent means to reduce the incidence of falls in elderly people in elderly care institutions for early prevention. At the same time,pay attention to the psychological and physiological prognostic effects of elderly people after falling in elderly care institutions,and improve the whole process management of fall risk events for elderly people in elderly care institutions.

Key words: Elderly care institutions, The elderly, Falling, Visual analysis, Risk factors, Meta-analysis

中图分类号:

R181.2

刘思伽, 李艳明, 沙思源, 赵爱忠, 汪胜男. 国内外养老机构老年人跌倒研究可视化对比分析及危险因素meta分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(22): 3127-3133.

LIU Sijia, LI Yanming, SHA Siyuan, ZHAO Aizhong, WANG Shengnan. Visual comparative analysis and meta-analysis of risk factors for falls in elderly people in elderly care institutions at home and abroad. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(22): 3127-3133.

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