职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 901-905.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

江西省重点行业粉尘职业健康风险评估

艾林芳1, 赖云1, 田月1, 刘小真2, 谢金明1()   

  1. 1 江西省职业病防治研究院江西 南昌 330006
    2 南昌大学资源与环境学院江西 南昌 330006
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-19 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 谢金明,E-mail:346482819@qq.com
  • 作者简介:艾林芳,女,工程师,主要从事职业卫生检测与评价工作。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省科技计划项目(20151BBE50047);江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(202211396)

Occupational health risk assessment of dust in key industries in Jiangxi Province

AI Linfang1, LAI Yun1, TIAN Yue1, LIU Xiaozhen2, XIE Jinming1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Occupational Medicine of JiangxiNanchangJiangxi 330006, China
    2 School of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanchang University,NanchangJiangxi 330006, China
  • Received:2025-06-19 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 基于2024年江西省工作场所监测数据,采用多模型评估矽尘、煤尘、水泥粉尘和电焊烟尘的职业健康风险,为精准防控提供依据。方法 纳入2 315家用人单位,采集495家涉矽尘、88家涉煤尘等企业的岗位粉尘数据,运用GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》、半定量法和国际采矿与金属委员会(International Council on Mining and Metals,ICMM)定量模型,评估超标率前5位的地区、行业及前20位的岗位风险。结果 4种粉尘中矽尘职业健康风险最高:南昌市、九江市等地及煤炭开采等行业,根据GBZ/T 298—2017评估为高风险,根据ICMM模型为不可容忍风险;爆破、清洁等岗位粉尘时间加权平均浓度(time-weighted average concentration,CTWA)中位数最高(1.71 mg/m3)、超标率为100.00%,ICMM均判定为不可容忍风险。煤尘职业健康风险中等:九江市等地根据GBZ/T 298—2017评估为中等风险,ICMM模型评估为高风险。水泥粉尘与电焊烟尘:根据GBZ/T 298—2017评估为低风险,ICMM模型评估为高风险。模型差异源于ICMM纳入暴露概率等多维因素。结论 江西省矽尘需优先防控,强化南昌市、九江市等高危地区及行业的通风除尘、工艺改进和个人防护;煤尘、水泥粉尘和电焊烟尘需持续监测;建议综合多模型优化评估结果,动态调整防控策略,降低工人尘肺病等职业健康风险。

关键词: 职业健康, 粉尘, 风险评估, 国际采矿与金属委员会模型

Abstract:

Objective Based on the monitoring data of workplaces in Jiangxi Province in 2024,multimodel approaches were employed to assess the occupational health risks of silica dust,coal dust,cement dust,and welding fumes,to provide a basis for precise prevention and control. Methods A total of 2 315 employers were included,with occupational dust data collected from 495 silica dust related,88 coal dust related. The GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace",semi quantitative method and the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM) quantitative model were used to evaluate risks in the top 5 regions/industries with the highest over-standard rates and the top 20 job positions. Results Silica dust posed the highest risk in the four dust:In regions like Nanchang and Jiujiang,and industries such as coal mining,GBZ/T 298-2017 assessed the risk as high risk,while the ICMM model upgraded it to intolerable risk;Positions involving blasting and cleaning had the highest median time-weighted average concentration(CTWA) of 1.71 mg/m3 and a 100.00% over-standard rate,all classified as intolerable risk by ICMM. Coal dust presented moderate risk:In regions like Jiujiang,GBZ/T 298-2017 rated the risk as moderate risk,while ICMM reclassified it as high risk. Cement dust and welding fumes:GBZ/T 298-2017 evaluated them as low risk,but ICMM classified both as high risk. The model discrepancy stemmed from ICMM's inclusion of multidimensional factors. Conclusion Silicon dust prevention and control should be prioritized,and ventilation,dust removal,process improvement,and personal protection should be strengthened in high-risk areas and industries such as Nanchang and Jiujiang. Continuous monitoring is required for coal dust,cement dust,and welding fumes. Integrating multiple models is recommended to optimize risk assessments and dynamically adjust prevention strategies,reducing occupational health risks such as pneumoconiosis.

Key words: Occupational health, Dust, Risk assessment, International Council on Mining and Metals model

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