职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 938-944.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上海市浦东新区≥40岁医护人员膳食模式与衰弱的相关分析

吴雅婷1,2, 贺亚楠2, 陆清莲1, 陈佳仪3, 郑敏4, 赵春艳2()   

  1. 1 同济大学医学院上海 200092
    2 同济大学附属东方医院上海 200120
    3 上海市徐汇区中心医院上海 200030
    4 海军特色医学中心上海 200082
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 赵春艳,E-mail:53513953@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吴雅婷,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为内科护理与慢病管理。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市东方医院护理领航人才计划(2019hllhrcjh)

Correlation analysis between dietary patterns and frailty among medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City

WU Yating1,2, HE Yanan2, LU Qinglian1, CHEN Jiayi3, ZHENG Min4, ZHAO Chunyan2()   

  1. 1 School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092, China
    2 East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, China
    3 Xuhui District Central Hospital of ShanghaiShanghai 200030, China
    4 Naval Medical Center of Special CharacteristicsShanghai 200082, China
  • Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-05-14

摘要:

目的 了解上海市浦东新区≥40岁医护人员的膳食模式,并探究其与衰弱的相关性。方法 采用多阶段抽样方法,于2024年3—9月选取上海市浦东新区各三级医疗机构≥40岁的在岗医护人员,结合其职业特点和食物频率问卷简表,自行编制调查问卷,采用因子分析提取调查对象的膳食模式,计算个体膳食模式因子得分并归类,采用有序多分类Logistic回归分析不同的膳食模式与衰弱的相关性。结果 377名医护人员中,检出衰弱前期206人,占54.64%;衰弱阳性23人,占6.10%。因子分析,共提取3种膳食模式,高热量高脂肪膳食、蛋奶果蔬均衡膳食和高碳水膳食,调整混杂因素后Logistic回归分析显示,与蛋奶果蔬均衡膳食模式相比,高热量高脂肪膳食人群与衰弱的发生呈正相关(OR=1.767,95%CI:1.081~2.886)。结论 上海市浦东新区≥40 岁医护人员存在一定衰弱风险,其膳食结构主要呈现3种模式,其中高热量高脂肪膳食模式可能与医护人员发生更高程度的衰弱有关,而摄入蛋奶果蔬均衡膳食则是衰弱的保护性因素。这提示要多摄入蔬果类、高蛋白类、坚果类和粗杂粮类食物可能有助于减轻和延缓衰弱的发生风险。

关键词: 膳食模式, 衰弱, 医护人员, 因子分析, ≥40岁

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City,and explore their correlation with frailty. Methods A multistage sampling method was adopted to select on-the-job medical staff from all tertiary medical institutions in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City between March and September 2024.A self-designed questionnaire was formulated based on the subjects' occupational characteristics and the brief food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Factor analysis was used to extract the dietary patterns of the subjects,and individual factor scores of dietary patterns were calculated for classification.Ordinal multinomial Logistic regression was performed to analyze the correlation between different dietary patterns and frailty. Results Among the 377 medical staff,206 cases(54.64%) were identified as pre-frailty,and 23 cases(6.10%) were diagnosed with frailty positivity. Factor analysis extracted three distinct dietary patterns:the high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern,the balanced dietary pattern rich in eggs,milk,fruits and vegetables,and the high-carbohydrate dietary pattern.After adjusting for confounding factors,Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the balanced dietary pattern rich in eggs,milk,fruits and vegetables,the population with a high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern had a positive correlation with the occurrence of frailty(OR=1.767,95%CI:1.081-2.886). Conclusion Medical staff aged ≥40 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City face a certain risk of frailty.Their dietary structures are mainly characterized by three patterns.Among these,the high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern may be associated with a higher risk of frailty in medical staff,while adherence to the balanced dietary pattern with sufficient eggs,milk,fruits and vegetables serves as a protective factor against frailty.These findings suggest that increased intake of fruits and vegetables,high-protein foods,nuts,and whole grains may help reduce and delay the risk of frailty.

Key words: Dietary patterns, Frailty, Medical staff, Factor analysis, Aged ≥40 years

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