职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1403-1407.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2024年四川省公共场所苯系物污染水平及健康风险评估

张东升1,2, 董红3, 谢宏伟4, 彭晓娟5, 旷聃6, 师春立2()   

  1. 1 南充市疾病预防控制中心， 四川 南充 637000
    2 四川省疾病预防控制中心， 四川 成都 610000
    3 德阳市疾病预防控制中心， 四川 德阳 618000
    4 绵阳市疾病预防控制中心， 四川 绵阳 621000
    5 雅安市疾病预防控制中心， 四川 雅安 625000
    6 成都市疾病预防控制中心， 四川 成都 610000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通信作者: 师春立
  • 作者简介:张东升，男，主管医师，主要从事环境卫生工作。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省疾病预防控制中心人才支持项目(ZX202304);四川省疾病预防控制中心人才支持项目(四川省现场流行病学培训项目第8期)

Pollution levels and health risk assessment of benzene series in public places in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2024

ZHANG Dongsheng1,2, DONG Hong3, XIE Hongwei4, PENG Xiaojuan5, KUANG Dan6, SHI Chunli2()   

  1. 1 Nanchong Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Nanchong， Sichuan 637000， China
    2 Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Chengdu， Sichuan 610000， China
    3 Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Deyang， Sichuan 618000， China
    4 Mianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Mianyang， Sichuan 621000， China
    5 Ya'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Ya'an， Sichuan 625000， China
    6 Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Chengdu， Sichuan 610000， China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-08-11 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-06-02
  • Contact: SHI Chunli
  • About author:SHI Chunli，E-mail：18382032023@163.com

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摘要：

目的 评估四川省公共场所室内空气中苯系物污染水平及其对从业人员产生的潜在健康风险，旨在为公共场所卫生质量管理提供基础数据支撑。方法 2021—2024年在四川省成都市、德阳市、绵阳市、雅安市随机抽取健身房、宾馆/酒店、理发店及美容店4类公共场所，对其室内空气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯进行监测，分析3种污染物的暴露水平，并依据WS/T 777—2021《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》推荐的健康风险评估模型对其从业人员开展健康风险评估。结果 2021—2024年共检测苯系物2 545份，苯、甲苯和二甲苯检出率分别为45.30%、47.78%和49.00%，合格率分别为98.98%、99.69%和99.61%。不同年份的苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度差异均有统计学意义（H=69.343、35.645、133.299，均P<0.01），其中2021年苯系物的污染水平最高，苯、甲苯和二甲苯检测浓度的中位数（M）分别为0.085、2.290和8.600 μg/m3，其慢性非致癌风险危害商（hazard quotient，HQ）分别为8.75×10-4、1.41×10-4 和2.66×10-2，苯致癌风险（carcinogenic risk，CR）为8.77×10-8；不同场所甲苯和二甲苯的浓度差异均有统计学意义（H=19.729、16.869，均P<0.01），其中甲苯在健身房和美容店的污染水平较高，检测浓度中位数均为2.000 μg/m3，其HQ为1.24×10-4，二甲苯在美容店的污染水平最高，检测浓度中位数为4.000 μg/m3，其HQ为1.23×10-2；不同季节甲苯和二甲苯的浓度差异均有统计学意义（Z=-5.521、-9.090，均P<0.01），其中冬季的二甲苯污染水平偏高，检测浓度中位数为0.100 μg/m3，其HQ为3.09×10-4。健康风险累积概率分布结果显示，苯、甲苯和二甲苯HQ<1的累积百分比分别为98.86%、100.00%和99.88%；苯CR低于10-6的累积百分比为59.02%，介于10-6和10-4之间的累积百分比为39.84%，同时存在1.14%>10-4的极大值。结论 四川省公共场所室内空气中苯系物整体合格率较高，部分场所室内空气中苯系物的非致癌、致癌风险较高，对从业人员存在一定的健康风险，宜引起重点关注。

关键词: 公共场所, 室内空气, 苯, 甲苯, 二甲苯, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Objective To assess the pollution level of benzene series in indoor air of public places in Sichuan Province and the potential health risks to employees，so as to provide fundamental data support for the quality management of public sanitation. Methods From 2021 to 2024，four types of public places，namely gyms，hotels，barber shops and beauty salons，were randomly selected in Chengdu City，Deyang City，Mianyang City and Ya'an City of Sichuan Province to monitor the levels of benzene，toluene and xylene in the indoor air of these public places. The exposure levels of three pollutants were analyzed，and the health risk assessment for their practitioners was conducted in accordance with the health risk assessment model recommended in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances（WS/T 777-2021）. Results From 2021 to 2024，a total of 2 545 benzene series samples were detected，the detection rates of benzene，toluene and xylene were 45.30%，47.78% and 49.00%，respectively，and the qualified rates were 98.98%，99.69% and 99.61%，respectively. The differences in the concentrations of benzene，toluene，and xylene were statistically significant（H=69.343，35.645，133.299，all P<0.01），and the pollution level of benzene was the highest in 2021. The median（M） detection concentrations of benzene，toluene，and xylene were 0.085，2.290 and 8.600 μg/m3，respectively，and their chronic non-carcinogenic hazard quotient（HQ） were 8.75×10-4，1.41×10-4，2.66×10-2，respectively. The carcinogenic risk（CR） of benzene was 8.77×10-8. There were significant differences in the concentrations of toluene and xylene among different places（H=19.729，16.869，both P<0.01）.The pollution levels of toluene in gyms and beauty shops were higher，with the median detection concentration of 2.000 μg/m3，and the HQ was 1.24×10-4. The highest contamination level of xylene was found in beauty shops，with a median concentration of 4.000 μg/m3，and HQ was 1.23×10-2. There were significant differences in the concentrations of toluene and xylene among different seasons（Z=-5.521，-9.090，both P<0.01）. The concentration of xylene in winter was higher than that in other seasons，with a median concentration of 0.100 μg/m3，and its HQ was 3.09×10-4.The cumulative probability distribution of health risks showed that the cumulative percentages of benzene，toluene and xylene HQ less than 1 were 98.86%，100.00% and 99.88%，respectively. The cumulative percentage of benzene CR below 10-6 was 59.02%，the cumulative percentage between 10-6 and 10-4 was 39.84%，and there was a maximum value of 1.14% greater than 10-4. Conclusion The overall qualified rate of benzene series in indoor air of public places in Sichuan Province is high，and the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of benzene series in indoor air of some places are high，which has a certain health risk to employees，and attention should be paid to it.

Key words: Public places, Indoor air, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Health risk assessment

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