职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1660-1663.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2024年邢台市大气PM2.5中水溶性阴阳离子特征分析

范梦超, 商蕾, 王火青, 吕俊庆, 戚义东, 齐志彩   

  1. 邢台市疾病预防控制中心(市卫生监督所)河北 邢台 054000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-29 修回日期:2025-08-17 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 作者简介:范梦超,女,主管技师,主要从事理化检验工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究课题计划资助(20251400)

Analysis on characteristics of water-soluble anions and cations in atmospheric PM2.5 in Xingtai City from 2020 to 2024

FAN Mengchao, SHANG Lei, WANG Huoqing, LYU Junqing, QI Yidong, QI Zhicai   

  1. Xingtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Municipal Health Supervision Bureau)XingtaiHebei 054000, China
  • Received:2025-03-29 Revised:2025-08-17 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18

摘要:

目的 分析2020—2024年邢台市大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)及其中的水溶性阴阳离子的浓度特征,为邢台市PM2.5污染的防治及京津冀地区大气污染联防联控提供数据支撑。方法 2020年1月—2024年12月,每月定期在邢台市2个监测点采集PM2.5样品,利用离子色谱仪测定硝酸盐(NO3-)、硫酸盐(SO42-)、铵盐(NH4+)、氯化物(Cl-)及氟化物(F-)质量浓度,计算二次无机盐(sulfate nitrate ammonium,SNA),并对数据进行分析。结果 2020—2024年邢台市PM2.5质量浓度呈下降趋势;根据水溶性阴阳离子浓度中位数(M)高低,依次排序是NO3->SO42->NH4+>Cl->F-。PM2.5及水溶性阴阳离子质量浓度的年度差异及季节差异均有统计学意义(H=57.388、257.567、60.040、79.503、60.706、37.726、8.647,均P<0.01)。PM2.5季节变化总体呈现冬季最高的特点,主要成分SNA(NO3-、SO42-和NH4+)及Cl-与PM2.5季节变化一致。2020—2024年邢台市NO3-与SO42-浓度之比为1.24,硫氧化率(sulfur oxidation ratio,SOR)和氮氧化率(nitrogen oxidation ratio,NOR)均值>0.1,春夏秋冬四季的SOR和NOR的差异均有统计学意义(H=14.274、9.928,均P<0.05)。结论 2020—2024年邢台市大气污染防治效果明显,但形势仍然严峻,冬季污染尤其严重。污染来源主要包括二次源、移动源及固定源,对工业燃煤和燃油机动车的管理是治理大气污染的重要方向。

关键词: 大气, 细颗粒物, 水溶性离子, 二次无机盐, 污染特征, 邢台

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the concentration characteristics of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) and water-soluble anions and cations in Xingtai City,provide data support for the prevention and control of PM2.5 pollution in Xingtai City and the joint prevention and control of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Methods From January 2020 to December 2024,PM2.5 samples were collected monthly at two monitoring sites in Xingtai City. The mass concentrations of NO3-,SO42-,NH4+,Cl-,and F- were measured using ion chromatography. The sulfate nitrate ammonium(SNA) was calculated,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2020 to 2024,PM2.5 mass concentrations in Xingtai City showed a declining trend.The median(M) concentrations of water-soluble anions and cationsranked as follows:NO3->SO42->NH4+>Cl->F-. There were statistically significant difference in mass concentrations of PM2.5 and water-soluble anions and cations among different years and seasons(H=57.388,257.567,60.040,79.503,60.706,37.726,8.647,all P<0.01). The seasonal variations in PM2.5 peaked in winter,with SNA(NO3-,SO42-,NH4+) and Cl-exhibiting consistent seasonal trend with PM2.5. The NO3-/SO42- ratio was 1.24 in Xingtai City from 2020 to 2024,and the mean sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) were significantly higher than 0.1. The differences in SOR and NOR were statistically significant among four seasons(H=14.274,9.928,both P<0.05). Conclusions The prevention and control effect of air pollution is significant in Xingtai City from 2020 to 2024,but the situation remains severe,particularly severe winter pollution. The main sources of pollution include secondary aerosols,mobile emissions,and stationary sources. The management of industrial coal combustion and fuel-powered vehicles is critical for further air quality management.

Key words: Atmosphere, Fine particulate matter, Water-soluble ions, Sulfate nitrate ammonium, Pollution characteristics, Xingtai

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