职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 2027-2031.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市某专用设备制造企业职业病危害现状分析

丁海力   

  1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司天津 300459
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 修回日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 作者简介:丁海力,男,工程师,主要从事职业病危害检测与评价工作。

Analysis of occupational hazards in a special equipment manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City

DING Haili   

  1. Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd.Tianjin 300459, China
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-10-09 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-07-16

摘要:

目的 对天津市某专用设备制造企业工作场所中存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度、对劳动者健康的影响、职业健康管理等方面进行综合评价,指出存在的主要问题,提出措施建议。方法 以某专用设备制造企业为研究对象,根据该企业职业病危害的特点,通过对调查的结果进行回顾分析,综合了解该企业作业人员职业病危害因素接触水平、职业病防护和职业卫生管理情况。结果 该专用设备制造企业生产过程中的职业病危害因素主要有噪声、电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘、氮氧化物和臭氧等。本次检测个体噪声样品35个、定点噪声样品81个、个体化学有害因素样品67个和定点化学有害因素样品94个,其中电焊工、铆工的个体噪声测量结果>85 dB(A),工作场所定点噪声测量结果最高为104.0 dB(A);砂轮磨尘最高检测结果为9.7 mg/m3,电焊烟尘最高检测结果为11.5 mg/m3;其他化学有害因素和物理因素的检测结果均符合国家职业卫生限值的要求。结论 该专用设备制造企业具有一定的机械化、自动化的生产工艺,职业病危害因素主要集中在焊接、打磨、切割和刷漆等作业环节。建议加强通风、净化装置的维护与合理使用,及时跟踪作业人员职业健康检查结果,督促作业人员正确穿戴个人防护装备,进一步提高职业卫生管理水平。

关键词: 专用设备制造, 职业病危害, 现状分析, 关键控制点, 职业人群

Abstract:

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the occupational disease hazard factors and their degree,the impact on workers' health and occupational health management in the workplace of a special equipment manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin,point out the main problems,and put forward measures and suggestions. Methods According to the characteristics of occupational hazards in a special equipment manufacturing enterprise,through the retrospective analysis of the survey data,the exposure level of occupational hazards,occupational disease prevention and protection and occupational health management of the workers in the enterprise were comprehensively understood. Results The occupational hazard factors in the production of the special equipment manufacturing enterprise mainly included noise,welding dust,grinding wheel dust,nitrogen oxide,ozone and so on. In this test,there were 35 individual noise samples,81 fixed-point noise samples,67 individual chemical hazard samples,and 94 fixed-point chemical hazard samples. The individual noise measurement results of welders and riveters exceeded 85 dB(A),and the workplace noise measurements up to 104.0 dB(A). The highest detection result of grinding wheel dust was 9.7 mg/m3,the highest detection result of electric welding dust was 11.5 mg/m3,and the detection results of other chemical harmful factors and physical factors were in line with the requirements of national occupational health limits. Conclusion The special equipment manufacturing enterprise has a certain mechanized and automated production process,and the occupational hazard factors are mainly concentrated in welding,grinding,cutting,painting and other operations. It is suggested to strengthen the maintenance and rational use of ventilation and purification devices,track the results of occupational health examination of workers in time,urge workers to wear personal protective equipment correctly,and further improve the level of occupational health management.

Key words: Special equipment manufacturing, Occupational hazards, Analysis of the situation, Critical control points, Professional population

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