宁波市460名养老机构高龄老年人自主性感知水平及影响因素分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1203-1208.

宁波市460名养老机构高龄老年人自主性感知水平及影响因素分析

马琳琳, 王佳露, 方依, 陈慧娴, 李智, 尹志勤

温州医科大学护理学院,浙江温州 325035

收稿日期:2024-09-13 修回日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-12-12
通信作者: 尹志勤,教授,E-mail：yzq@wmu.edu.cn
作者简介:马琳琳,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为老年与社区护理。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点项目（21ARK002）

Analysis of perceived autonomy levels and influencing factors of 460 oldest old residents in nursing homes in Ningbo

MA Linlin, WANG Jialu, FANG Yi, CHEN Huixian, LI Zhi, YIN Zhiqin

School of Nursing,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325035,China

Received:2024-09-13 Revised:2024-12-26 Online:2025-05-01 Published:2025-12-12
Contact: YIN Zhiqin,Professor,E-mail：yzq@wmu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查宁波市养老机构中高龄老年人的自主性感知现状,并分析其影响因素,为制定改善策略、相关政策及提升养老服务质量提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查设计,于2023年7月—2024年1月,通过便利抽样法对宁波市11所养老机构的460名高龄老年人进行问卷调查。调查工具包括一般资料调查表、中文简版自主性感知量表、Barthel指数、患者健康问卷抑郁量表、简易精神状态评估量表和社会支持评定量表。应用多元线性回归分析自主性感知的影响因素。结果宁波市养老机构高龄老年人自主性感知总分为（66.52±18.54）分。多元线性回归分析显示,日常生活活动能力、抑郁情绪、认知功能和社会支持均是自主性感知的影响因素（均P<0.01）,解释了自主性感知得分总变异的91.0%。结论宁波市养老机构高龄老年人的自主性感知水平相对较高。建议养老机构针对识别出的因素,提供个性化的支持和服务,如提升自理能力、加强抑郁筛查、开展认知训练和建立社交支持网络,以进一步提升高龄老年人的自主性感知水平。

关键词: 高龄老年人, 养老机构, 自主性感知, 老年护理, 横断面研究

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of perceived autonomy among oldest old residents in nursing homes in Ningbo,and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a scientific basis for developing improvement strategies,relevant policies,and enhancing the quality of elderly care services. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on 460 oldest old residents from 11 nursing homes in Ningbo from July 2023 to January 2024 using convenience sampling method. The survey instruments included a general information questionnaire,the simplified Chinese version of the perceived enactment of autonomy scale,Barthel index,patient health questionnaire-9 items,mini-mental state examination,and social support rating scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of perceived autonomy. Results The total score of perceived autonomy for the oldest old residents in nursing homes in Ningbo was （66.52±18.54）points. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that activities of daily living,depressive symptoms,cognitive function,and social support were significant influencing factors of perceived autonomy（all P<0.01）,explaining 91.0% of the total variance in perceived autonomy scores. Conclusion The level of perceived autonomy among the oldest old residents in nursing homes in Ningbo is relatively high. It is recommended that nursing homes provide personalized support and services based on the identified factors,such as improving self-care abilities,enhancing depression screening,conducting cognitive training,and establishing social support networks,to further enhance the level of perceived autonomy among the oldest old residents.

Key words: Oldest old, Nursing homes, Perceived autonomy, Geriatric nursing, Cross-sectional study

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺7

马琳琳, 王佳露, 方依, 陈慧娴, 李智, 尹志勤. 宁波市460名养老机构高龄老年人自主性感知水平及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(9): 1203-1208.

MA Linlin, WANG Jialu, FANG Yi, CHEN Huixian, LI Zhi, YIN Zhiqin. Analysis of perceived autonomy levels and influencing factors of 460 oldest old residents in nursing homes in Ningbo. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(9): 1203-1208.

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