职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2246-2249.

• 论著—环境与健康 • 上一篇    下一篇

2024年北京市东城区部分医疗机构候诊区环境健康危害因素调查

付秀影, 黄露(), 段旭, 杜伟静, 王天乙, 崔景茜   

  1. 北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急管理创新中心北京 100050
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 修回日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 黄露,E-mail:huangl0558@163.com
  • 作者简介:付秀影,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境卫生监测与评价工作。

Survey on environmental health hazards in the waiting areas of selected medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024

FU Xiuying, HUANG Lu(), DUAN Xu, DU Weijing, WANG Tianyi, CUI Jingxi   

  1. Innovation Center for Public Health Emergency ManagementBeijing Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Revised:2025-12-30 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: HUANG Lu,E-mail:huangl0558@163.com

摘要:

目的 对北京市东城区2024年部分医疗机构候诊区主要环境健康危害因素进行检测,分析主要存在的健康危害因素及其浓度的分布特征。方法 2024年选取北京市东城区部分医疗机构依据GB/T 18204—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法》检测其候诊区域的环境健康危害因素,包括空气质量、集中空调通风系统卫生及水质军团菌检测,描述其分布特征,分析主要的环境健康危害因素。结果 2024年共采集北京市东城区20所医疗机构候诊区共72个监测点的样品691件,合格率为79.31%。采集空气质量样品共432件,合格率为81.48%。采集集中空调通风系统样品共204件,合格率为77.94%。其中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、可吸入颗粒物合格率分别为27.78%、44.44%、77.78%。冷却水中游离氯、异养菌合格率分别为57.14%、42.86%。采集冷却水及生活热水进行嗜肺军团菌检测,检出率为32.73%。嗜肺军团菌血清分型均为单种型,以Lp1为主,检出率为66.67%;Lp2~Lp14型检出率为33.33%。不同水质类型的嗜肺军团菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.846,P<0.01),集中储水罐式热水中嗜肺军团菌检出率最高,为68.42%。结论 北京市东城区2024年部分医疗机构候诊区主要环境健康危害因素为集中空调送风质量和冷却水及循环热水中的嗜肺军团菌危害。

关键词: 医疗机构, 公共场所, 健康危害因素, 军团菌, 生活热水, 集中空调通风系统

Abstract:

Objective To detect the main environmental health hazards in the waiting areas of some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024,and analyze the distribution characteristics of the main health hazards and their concentrations. Methods Select some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024 to test the environmental health hazards in their waiting areas according to the GB/T 18204-2013 "Public Place Health Inspection Method",including air quality,hygiene of central air conditioning and ventilation systems,and Legionella in water quality.Describe their distribution characteristics and analyze the main environmental health hazards. Results In 2024,a total of 691 samples were collected from 72 monitoring points in the waiting areas of 20 medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing,with a qualification rate of 79.31%. A total of 432 air quality samples were collected,with a qualification rate of 81.48%. Totally 204 samples of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems were collected,with a qualification rate of 77.94%. The total bacterial count,total fungal count,and qualified rate of inhalable particulate matter in the air conditioning supply were 27.78%,44.44%,and 77.78%,respectively. The qualified rates of free chlorine and heterotrophic bacteria in cooled water were 57.14% and 42.86%,respectively. Cooling water and domestic hot water were collected for detection of Legionella pneumophila,with a detection rate of 32.73%. The serotypes of Legionella pneumophila were all single type,with Lp1 being the main type,accounting for 66.67%;Lp2-Lp14 type were detected,accounting for 33.33%. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the detection rates of Legionella pneumophila among different water quality types. The detection rate of Legionella pneumophila in different water quality types was compared,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=19.846,P<0.01).Among them,the detection rate of Legionella pneumophila was the highest in centralized water storage tank hot water,at 68.42%. Conclusion The main environmental health hazards in the waiting areas of some medical institutions in Dongcheng District of Beijing in 2024 are the quality of centralized air conditioning supply and the harmful effects of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and circulating hot water.

Key words: Medical institutions, Public place, Health hazards, Legionella, Domestic hot water, Centralized air conditioning ventilation system

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