职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2931-2936.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2013—2024年桂平市乙型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析及发病预测

容敏燕1, 杨江艳2, 孙蒙蒙3, 熊丹丹3, 韦怡心2, 李相志2,3()   

  1. 1 桂平市疾病预防控制中心(桂平市卫生监督所)广西 桂平 537200
    2 右江民族医学院广西 百色 533000
    3 广西科技大学广西 柳州 545000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 修回日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通信作者: 李相志,E-mail:lxz2046@smu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:容敏燕,女,副主任医师,主要从事传染性疾病防控工作。

Analysis of epidemiological characterization and incidence prediction of viral hepatitis B in Guiping City from 2013 to 2024

RONG Minyan1, YANG Jiangyan2, SUN Mengmeng3, XIONG Dandan3, WEI Yixin2, LI Xiangzhi2,3()   

  1. 1 Guiping Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Guiping City Health Supervision Institute)GuipingGuangxi 537200, China
    2 Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxi 533000, China
    3 Guangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhouGuangxi 545000, China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Revised:2025-11-28 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: LI Xiangzhi,E-mail:lxz2046@smu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 对2013—2024年桂平市乙型病毒性肝炎(乙型肝炎)的流行情况进行分析,构建乙型肝炎发病预测模型,为相关部门进行乙型肝炎防控工作提供参考依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析2013—2024年桂平市乙型肝炎的三间分布特征,构建自回归移动平均模型(autoregressive intergrated moving average,ARIMA)和贝叶斯结构时间序列(Bayesian structural time series,BSTS)模型对桂平市乙型肝炎月发病例数进行拟合及预测,并比较两种模型性能。结果 2013—2024年桂平市乙型肝炎病例共报告21 359例,年均发病率为88.42/10万,发病率总体呈上升趋势(t=3.330,P<0.01)。发病无明显季节性特征,男女性别比为2.32 ∶ 1,以30~<45岁青壮年为主;在职业分布中,农民为主要群体(16 868例,78.97%)。不同地区间年均报告发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=637.303,P<0.01)。ARIMA模型、BSTS模型的均方根误差分别为29.69和31.57,平均绝对百分比误差分别为21.32%和21.92%,基于ARIMA模型预测的2025年桂平市乙型肝炎月发病趋势相对平稳。结论 2013—2024年桂平市乙型肝炎总体发病呈现上升趋势,防控工作不容忽视,建议继续加强以预防接种为主的综合防控措施,降低乙型肝炎发病率。建立的ARIMA模型拟合预测效果总体上略优于BSTS模型。

关键词: 乙型病毒性肝炎, 流行特征, 预测, 自回归移动平均模型, 贝叶斯结构时间序列模型

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the prevalence of viral hepatitis B(HBV) in Guiping City from 2013 to 2024,construct a incidence prediction model of HBV,and provide a reference basis for relevant departments to carry out HBV prevention and control work. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics by temporal,spatial,and demographic of HBV in Guiping City,and autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) and Bayesian structured time series(BSTS) models were constructed to fit and predict the number of monthly cases of HBV in Guiping City,and the performance of the two models was compared. Results A total of 21 359 cases of HBV were reported in Guiping City from 2013 to 2024,with an average annual incidence rate of 88.42/100 000,and the incidence rate was generally on the rise(t=3.330,P<0.01). There were no obvious seasonal characteristics of the incidence of disease,and the male-to-female sex ratio was 2.32 ∶ 1,with young adults aged 30-<45 years predominantly. In the distribution of occupations,farmers were the main group(16 868 cases,accounting for 78.97%). The difference in the average annual reported incidence rate between different regions was statistically significant(χ2=637.303,P<0.01). The root mean square error of the ARIMA model and the BSTS model was 29.69 and 31.57,respectively,and the mean absolute percentage error was 21.32% and 21.92%,respectively. The monthly incidence trend of HBV in Guiping City in 2025 predicted by ARIMA model was relatively stable. Conclusion The overall incidence of HBV in Guiping City shows an increasing trend,and prevention and control work should not be neglected. It is recommended to continue to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on vaccination to reduce the incidence of HBV. The ARIMA model developed for fitting and prediction was slightly better than the BSTS model in general.

Key words: Viral hepatitis B(HBV), Epidemiological characteristics, Prediction, ARIMA model, BSTS model

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