关键词: 护士, 职业倦怠, 睡眠质量, 工作能力, 相加交互作用, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of work ability among clinical nurses in Urumqi，and to explore the association between occupational burnout，sleep quality，and work ability，with the aim of providing a reference for formulating strategies to improve the work environment，enhance work efficiency，and promote employee health. Methods From July to October 2025，a convenience sample was used to select nurses from three large-scale grade-A tertiary general hospitals（The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University，The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University，and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University） in Urumqi as the survey subjects. The Maslach burnout inventory，Pittsburgh sleep quality index，and work ability index were used to assess burnout，sleep quality，and work ability of nurses，respectively，and to examine the current status，influencing factors，and mediating effects related to nurses' work ability. Results The detection rates of occupational burnout and sleep disorders were 68.25% and 39.49%，respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the score of work ability based on gender，age，educational level，working seniority，professional title，chronic disease status，weekly exercise frequency，occupational burnout，and sleep quality（all P<0.05）. Occupational burnout and sleep disorders were negatively correlated with work ability（β=-5.123，-3.282，both P<0.01）. There were positive correlations between educational level（with secondary technical school education and below as reference，associate degree：β=2.855，bachelor's degree：β=3.623，master's degree or above：β=4.775，all P<0.01），weekly exercise frequency（with 0 times as reference，1-<3 times：β=0.976，≥5 times：β=2.141，both P<0.01），and work ability score. The absence of hypertension（β=2.426），coronary heart disease（β=2.948），and diabetes（β=2.513） were also positively correlated with work ability scores（all P<0.05）. Furthermore，female gender（β=-1.034），work experience of 11-<21 years（β=-1.061），and senior professional title（β=-1.555） were negatively correlated with work ability scores（all P<0.05）. Structural equation modeling further elucidated the pathways among variables：occupational burnout not only had a direct negative effect on work ability（β=-0.359，P<0.01），but also exerted an indirect effect through the partial mediating role of sleep quality（β=-0.281，P<0.01）. Conclusion Occupational burnout and sleep disorders are prevalent among nurses in Urumqi，and there is an independent and mediating relationship between the two and work ability. Paying attention to and improving nurses’ occupational burnout and sleep quality is of great significance for maintaining their work ability.

Key words: Nurses, Occupational burnout, Sleep quality, Work ability, Additive interaction, Structural equation modeling