职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 2805-2810.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2023年淮安市手足口病流行病学与季节特征分析

张文艺1, 高强1, 张正1, 蔡奔1, 宋团争2()   

  1. 1 淮安市疾病预防控制中心江苏 淮安 223001
    2 淮安市清江浦区疾病预防控制中心(淮安市清江浦区卫生监督所)江苏 淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-09-28 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通信作者: 宋团争,E-mail:469447073@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张文艺,女,副主任医师,主要从事急性传染病防治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    淮安市科学技术局科研课题(HAB202341)

Epidemiological and seasonal characteristics analysis of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2023

ZHANG Wenyi1, GAO Qiang1, ZHANG Zheng1, CAI Ben1, SONG Tuanzheng2()   

  1. 1 Huai'an Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuai'anJiangsu 223001, China
    2 Huai'an Qingjiangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Huai'an Qingjiangpu District Health Supervision Institute)Huai'anJiangsu 223001, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-09-28 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: SONG Tuanzheng,E-mail:469447073@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析淮安市手足口病流行病学与季节性特征,为手足口病的防控提供依据。方法 收集2017—2023年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中报告的现住址为淮安市的手足口病临床诊断和实验室确诊病例,运用集中度和圆形分布法(进行周期分解)分析季节性特征。结果 2017—2023年淮安市共发生手足口病34 049例,2020和2021年每年为单峰流行,其余年份为双峰流行。平均发病率地区分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=9 070.208,P<0.05)。发病数男女性别比为1.41 ∶ 1,男女发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 042.637,P<0.05);0~<3岁病例19 409例,占病例总数的57.00%。柯萨奇病毒A6(Coxsackievirus A6,CVA6)为2017—2023年淮安市手足口病病原构成比最高的型别;各年集中度为0.30~0.82。圆形分布法(周期分解)计算的2017—2019年夏秋季发病高峰日依次为2017年6月1日、2018年6月2日和2019年6月4日,流行高峰期依次为2017年4月24日—7月10日、2018年4月23日—7月12日和2019年5月1日—7月9日。冬春季发病高峰日依次为2017年11月14日、2018年12月15日和2019年11月15日,流行高峰期依次为2017年10月1日—12月22日、2018年11月2日—2019年1月27日和2019年10月14日—12月19日。2020—2023年发病高峰日依次为2020年11月20日、2021年5月28日、2022年9月2日、2023年7月21日,流行高峰期依次为2020年10月15日—12月26日、2021年3月22日—8月5日、2022年6月3日—11月30日和2023年6月13日—9月2日。结论 2017—2023年淮安市手足口病流行有一定季节性,夏秋季为主要流行期;0~<3岁儿童为主要发病人群;性别和地区分布均有差异,但无空间聚集性。CVA16和CVA6为优势型别,CVA6病原构成比最高。利用圆形分布法可以计算流行高峰期和较为接近实际的发病高峰日。应加强新发传染病后手足口病监测,掌握新的流行特征,在高峰期前实行科学的防控措施,有效降低发病率。

关键词: 手足口病, 流行病学, 季节性, 圆形分布, 周期分解, 集中度, 空间自相关

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and seasonal characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD) in Huai'an City,providing a basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Data on clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases of HFMD reported in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2023,with the current address registered as Huai'an City,were collected.The seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration degree and circular distribution methods(for periodic decomposition). Results From 2017 to 2023,a total of 34 049 cases of HFMD were reported in Huai'an City.Single-peak epidemics occurred in 2020 and 2021,while double-peak epidemics were observed in the other years.The regional distribution of average incidence rates showed statistically significant difference(χ2=9 070.208,P<0.05).The male-to-female ratio of cases was 1.41∶1,and the difference in incidence rates between genders was statistically significant(χ2=1 042.637,P<0.05). A total of 19 409 cases were reported among children aged 0-<3 years,accounting for 57.00% of the total number of cases.Coxsackievirus A6(CVA6) was the predominant pathogen type in the etiological composition of HFMD in Huai'an City from 2017 to 2023.The concentration degree for each year ranged from 0.30 to 0.82.According to the circular distribution method(periodic decomposition),the peak incidence dates in summer and autumn from 2017 to 2019 were June 1,2017,June 2,2018,and June 4,2019,respectively,and the epidemic peak periods were April 24-July 10,2017,April 23-July 12,2018,and May 1-July 9,2019,respectively. The winter-spring peak days of incidence from 2017 to 2019 were November 14,2017,December 15,2018,and November 15,2019,respectively,and the epidemic peak periods were October 1-December 22,2017,November 2,2018-January 27,2019,and October 14-December 19,2019. The peak days of incidence from 2020 to 2023 were November 20,2020,May 28,2021,September 2,2022 and July 21,2023,respectively,and the epidemic peak periods were October 15-December 26,2020,March 22-August 5,2021,June 3-November 30,2022,and June 13-September 2,2023. Conclusion From 2017 to 2023,HFMD in Huai'an City exhibited distinct seasonal patterns,with the summer-autumn period being the primary epidemic season. Children aged 0-<3 years old were the main affected population.Differences were observed in gender and regional distribution,but no spatial correlation was detected.CVA16 and CVA6 were the dominant types,with CVA6 having the highest etiological composition ratio.The circular distribution method effectively calculated epidemic peak periods and incidence peak days close to actual observations.Strengthened monitoring of HFMD following the emergence of new infectious diseases is essential to identify novel epidemic characteristics and implement scientific prevention and control measures before peak periods,thereby effectively reducing incidence rates.

Key words: Hand, foot, and mouth disease, Epidemiology, Seasonality, Circular distribution, Periodic decomposition, Concentration, Spatial autocorrelation

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