职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 2811-2815.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市西青区近5年居民吸烟状况及吸烟行为影响因素分析

程佳, 闫闪闪, 李怡萱, 吴倩楠   

  1. 天津市西青区疾病预防控制中心天津 300380
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18 修回日期:2026-03-12 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 作者简介:程佳,男,副主任医师,主要从事健康教育工作。

Analysis of smoking status and influencing factors of smoking behavior among residents in Xiqing District of Tianjin City in the recent five years

CHENG Jia, YAN Shanshan, LI Yixuan, WU Qiannan   

  1. Tianjin Xiqing Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300380, China
  • Received:2025-11-18 Revised:2026-03-12 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-09-14

摘要:

目的 了解天津市西青区居民烟草使用状况,分析吸烟率的影响因素,客观评估控烟工作的效果,为制定适宜的控烟政策提供依据。方法 在2020—2022年及2024年采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样方法抽取天津市西青区≥15岁非集体居住的城乡常住居民进行吸烟情况调查,收回有效问卷4 948份,对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果 4 948名调查对象中吸烟人数为924人,2020—2022年及2024年西青区成人吸烟率依次为23.95%、21.22%、19.76%和16.08%,逐渐下降且差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.728,P<0.01)。成人每日吸烟率依次为21.92%、19.55%、17.99%和14.01%,逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.286,P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,性别等与吸烟率相关,差异有统计学意义(χ2=695.057,P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,男性吸烟率是女性的11.586倍,差异有统计学意义(χ2=375.071,P<0.05);有吸烟危害认知的居民吸烟率是没有吸烟危害认知的0.384倍,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.950,P<0.05)。结论 2020—2022年及2024年天津市西青区≥15岁居民吸烟率和每日吸烟率呈现下降趋势,控烟工作取得良好效果,居民的性别和对吸烟危害的认知与本区吸烟率相关。但仍应加大烟草危害知识宣传力度,提高公众对烟草危害的全面认知,继续降低吸烟率。

关键词: 成人, 烟草, 吸烟率, 天津, 西青区, 吸烟危害

Abstract:

Objective To understand the tobacco use status among residents in Xiqing District of Tianjin,analyze the influencing factors of smoking rates,objectively evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control efforts,and provide a basis for formulating appropriate tobacco control policies. Methods From 2020 to 2022 and in 2024,a stratified multi-stage cluster probability sampling method was employed to select urban and rural permanent residents aged ≥15 years who did not reside in collective housing in Xiqing District for smoking surveys. A total of 4 948 valid questionnaires were collected,and the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 4 948 people were surveyed in the recent four years,among whom 924 were smokers. The adult smoking rates in Xiqing District from 2020 to 2022 and in 2024 were 23.95%,21.22%,19.76% and 16.08%,respectively,showing a gradual decline with statistically significant differences(χ2=22.728,P<0.01). Additionally,the daily smoking rates among adults decreased sequentially to 21.92%,19.55%,17.99%,and 14.01%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ2=28.286,P<0.01). Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as gender were associated with smoking rates,showing statistically significant differences(χ2=695.057,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the smoking rate among males was 11.586 times higher than that among females,with statistically significant differences(χ2=375.071,P<0.05). The smoking rate among residents with awareness of the hazards of smoking was 0.384 times higher than that without awareness,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=11.950,P<0.05). Conclusion The smoking rate and daily smoking rate among residents aged ≥15 years in Xiqing District of Tianjin showed a downward trend from 2020 to 2022 and in 2024,indicating that tobacco control efforts have achieved favorable outcomes.The gender and awareness of smoking hazards among residents are related to the smoking rate in this area. However,efforts should still be made to intensify public education on the harms of tobacco,raise the public's comprehensive awareness of its hazards,and further reduce smoking rates.

Key words: Adults, Tobacco, Smoking rate, Tianjing, Xiqing District, Smoking hazards

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