职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 2839-2845.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于健康生态学模型的我国中老年人生活满意度关联规则挖掘分析

狄玉静, 陈雪莲, 马頔, 程呈()   

  1. 宁夏医科大学宁夏 银川 750000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2026-01-23 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通信作者: 程呈,E-mail:821949935@qq.com
  • 作者简介:狄玉静,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为社会保障。
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03289);国家社会科学基金项目(23XMZ038);宁夏回族自治区哲学社会科学规划项目(20NXRCB01);宁夏医科大学特殊人才科研启动项目(XT2019012);宁夏哲学社会科学托举人才项目

Analysis of association rule mining of life satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China based on a health ecology model

DI Yujing, CHEN Xuelian, MA Di, CHENG Cheng()   

  1. Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxia 750000, China
  • Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2026-01-23 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: CHENG Cheng,E-mail:821949935@qq.com

摘要:

目的 基于健康生态学模型,从个人特征层、行为特征层、人际网络层、生活和工作条件层以及政策环境层面分析我国中老年人生活满意度的影响因素,旨在全面提升中老年人的生活质量和幸福感。方法 以2020年第5次中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)中≥45岁人群为研究对象,采用χ2检验、非条件二元Logistic回归分析我国中老年人生活满意度的影响因素,运用shapely分解法探析各层面、各变量对生活满意度的贡献程度,针对非条件二元Logistic回归分析与shapely分解法的共性因素建模获取强关联规则。结果 非条件二元Logistic回归结果显示,性别、年龄、夜晚睡眠、自评健康、是否患慢性病、是否社交、婚姻状况、户口类型、子女关系满意度、受教育程度、家庭收入情况和医疗保险是中老年人生活满意度的影响因素(均P<0.05);shapely分解结果显示,人际网络层贡献最大为64.03%、单一变量中子女关系满意是核心变量为59.76%,是否社交贡献最小为0.75%。关联规则结果显示,未患慢性病、自评健康好、已婚、子女关系满意、有医疗保险与中老年人生活满意的相关程度最高,其中支持度为42.09%,置信度为95.06%,是不具备这些特征者的1.07倍。结论 我国中老年人生活满意度较高,但仍有提升空间。应从健康生态学模型5个层面入手加强健康教育,树立积极老龄观;完善文娱设施,丰富社交形式。倡导子女多与父母交流,提升家庭互动质量;强化中老年继续教育,完善医疗保险制度,实现健康福祉全覆盖。

关键词: 健康生态学模型, 生活满意度, 影响因素, shapely分解法, 关联规则

Abstract:

Objective Based on the health ecology model,to analyze the influencing factors of life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly people in China from the perspectives of personal characteristics,behavioural characteristics,interpersonal network,living and working conditions,and policy environment,aiming to comprehensively improve the quality of life and well-being of middle-aged and elderly people. Methods Using the data from the fifth wave of the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS) in 2020,the population aged ≥45 was selected as the research object. Chi-square tests and unconditional binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the influencing factors of life satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly people in China. The shapely decomposition method was applied to explore the contribution levels of various levels and variables to life satisfaction. Strong association rules were derived through common factor modelling integrating unconditional binary Logistic regression analysis and shapely decomposition. Results Unconditional binary Logistic regression results indicated that gender,age,nighttime sleep,self-rated health,chronic disease status,social engagement,marital status,household registration type,satisfaction with parent-child relationships,educational attainment,household income,and medical insurance coverage were significant factors influencing life satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly individuals(all P<0.05). The Shapley decomposition results showed that the social network layer contributed the most at 64.03%; among individual variables, satisfaction with the parent-child relationship was the core variable at 59.76%, while social engagement contributed the least at 0.75%. Association rule analysis revealed that the highest correlations with life satisfaction among middle-aged and elderly individuals were found in the absence of chronic diseases,self-rated good health,being married,satisfaction with parent-child relationships,and having medical insurance. The support rate was 42.09%,and the confidence level was 95.06%,indicating that individuals possessing these characteristics were 1.07 times more likely to report high life satisfaction compared to those without them. Conclusion The life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly people in China is high,but there is still room for improvement. We should start from the five dimensions of the health ecology model to strengthen health education and establish a positive view of aging. Improve recreational facilities and enrich the form of social interaction. Advocate children to communicate with their parents more often to improve the quality of family interaction. Strengthen continuing education for the middle-aged and the elderly,and improve the health insurance system to achieve full coverage of health and well-being.

Key words: Health ecology model, Life satisfaction, Influencing factors, Shapely decomposition method, Association rule

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