职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3138-3142.

• 论著—学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市通州区某中学札如病毒感染暴发疫情调查

郑燃燃, 张建明, 张萍, 杨玉清()   

  1. 北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心北京 101100
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 修回日期:2025-12-03 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 杨玉清,E-mail:yyqhoney@126.com
  • 作者简介:郑燃燃,男,主管医师,主要从事传染病地方病控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    2025年中央转移支付重大传染病防控项目(京财社指[2024]2393 号)

Outbreak investigation of Sapovirus infection in a middle school in Tongzhou District,Beijing

ZHENG Ranran, ZHANG Jianming, ZHANG Ping, YANG Yuqing()   

  1. Beijing Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 101100, China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Revised:2025-12-03 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: YANG Yuqing,E-mail:yyqhoney@126.com

摘要:

目的 调查2025年北京市通州区某中学札如病毒暴发疫情,分析疫情暴发的原因和风险因素,为学校急性胃肠炎疫情的防控措施提供参考。方法 根据2025年5月9—13日某中学胃肠炎疫情特点,开展现场流行病学调查、卫生学调查和病原学检测等工作。运用描述流行病学方法分析疫情的流行病学特征,采用病例对照研究分析疫情暴发的危险因素。结果 共发现病例28例,分布于5个班级,高二12~16班的罹患率分别为1.96%、16.36%、11.43%、10.00%和25.71%(χ2=11.928,P<0.05)。临床表现以呕吐(82.1%)、恶心(82.1%)和腹痛(78.6%)为主。男女发病人数分别为24和4人,罹患率分别为17.14%和2.74%(χ2=16.787,P<0.05)。病例对照研究表明11日多次去高二教学楼4层男厕所是发病的危险因素(OR=17.143,95%CI:1.780~164.883)。共采集病例肛拭子标本9件、密切接触者肛拭子标本3件、环境涂抹标本7件,结果显示,4件病例标本检出札如病毒核酸阳性,1件女厕厕坑涂抹标本检出星状病毒核酸阳性,其余标本均为阴性。结论 本起疫情是1起由札如病毒感染引起的急性胃肠炎暴发疫情,怀疑首发病例带病上课为传染源,厕所呕吐物未及时处理为本次疫情暴发的主要原因。预防保健部门需加强对学校相关工作人员的培训,规范呕吐物的消毒处理。

关键词: 感染性腹泻, 急性胃肠炎, 札如病毒, 暴发疫情, 危险因素, 流行病学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate a Sapovirus outbreak in a middle school in Tongzhou District,Beijing in 2025,analyze the causes and risk factors of the outbreak,and provide references for the prevention and control of acute gastroenteritis in schools. Methods Based on the characteristics of the gastroenteritis outbreak at the middle school from May 9 to 13,2025,we conducted a field epidemiological investigation,an environmental health investigation,and laboratory pathogen testing. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak,and a case-control study was employed to identify the risk factors associated with the outbreak. Results A total of 28 cases were identified,distributed across 5 classes. The attack rates for Class 12 to Class 16 of Senior Grade 2 were 1.96%,16.36%,11.43%,10.00%,and 25.71%,respectively(χ2=11.928,P<0.05). The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting(82.1%),nausea(82.1%),and abdominal pain(78.6%). The number of cases was 24 in males and 4 in females,with attack rates of 17.14% and 2.74%,respectively (χ2=16.787,P<0.05). The case-control study revealed that multiple visits to the male restroom on the 4th floor of the Senior Grade 2 teaching building on the 11th were a significant risk factor associated with the disease(OR=17.143,95%CI:1.780-164.883). A total of 9 anal swab specimens from cases,3 anal swab specimens from close contacts,and 7 environmental surface swab specimens were collected. The results showed that 4 case specimens tested positive for Sapovirus nucleic acid,1 swab specimen from a female toilet pit tested positive for astrovirus nucleic acid,and all remaining specimens were negative. Conclusion This outbreak was an acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by Sapovirus infection. The index case,who attended school while symptomatic,was suspected to be the source of infection. Inadequate decontamination of vomitus in the toilet was identified as the primary contributing factor to the spread of the outbreak. Preventive healthcare departments need to strengthen training for school staff and standardize the disinfection procedures for vomitus.

Key words: Infectious diarrhea, Acute gastroenteritis, Sapovirus, Outbreak, Risk factor, Epidemiology

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