职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (22): 3143-3148.

• 论著—学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于机器学习的中小学生重度视力不良与腰背痛共患影响因素分析和可视化预测模型构建

顾枭成1,2, 于明圣3, 赵锡鹏4, 何晓一5, 陈新丽6, 韩建建3()   

  1. 1 山东大学齐鲁医学院山东 济南 250012
    2 青岛市市南区疾病预防控制中心山东 青岛 266071
    3 康复大学青岛中心医院山东 青岛 266042
    4 国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心北京 102308
    5 山东省中医药大学第二附属医院山东 济南 250012
    6 山东大学齐鲁医院山东 济南 250012
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17 修回日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通信作者: 韩建建,E-mail:wf-hjj@163.com
  • 作者简介:顾枭成,男,副主任医师,主要从事公共卫生与健康危害影响监测工作。

Analysis of the influential factors and visualization prediction model construction of severe visual impairment and low back pain co-occurrence among primary and middle school students based on machine learning

GU Xiaocheng1,2, YU Mingsheng3, ZHAO Xipeng4, HE Xiaoyi5, CHEN Xinli6, HAN Jianjian3()   

  1. 1 Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University,JinanShandong 250012, China
    2 Shinan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionQingdaoShandong 266071, China
    3 Qingdao Center Hospital of Rehabilitation UniversityQingdaoShandong 266042, China
    4 National Center for Occupational Safety and HealthNational Health CommissionBeijing 102308, China
    5 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandong 250012, China
    6 Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012, China
  • Received:2025-09-17 Revised:2025-09-30 Online:2026-11-15 Published:2026-09-20
  • Contact: HAN Jianjian,E-mail:wf-hjj@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析重度视力不良与腰背痛的共患影响因素并建立预测模型,为重度视力不良与腰背痛的防控措施提供思路。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方式于2023年9—11月抽取青岛市城区中小学生1 701名,开展重度视力不良与腰背痛的共患筛查和影响因素问卷调查。基于机器学习算法Boruta联合XGBoost对共患影响因素分析及预测模型开发,以交互式Nomogram实现可视化。采用R 4.3.3软件进行统计分析。结果 青岛市城区中小学生重度视力不良与腰背痛共患率为15.34%(261名)。筛选的主要影响因素为年级、吃水果种类、达60 min以上中高强度运动天数、周末60 min以上中高强度运动、课间活动场所、读写时1拳、读写时1尺、读写时1寸、躺着看书或电子屏、眼睛与电视屏幕超过3 m、每天睡眠时间及每天室内静坐时间等12项(均P<0.05)。预测模型的训练集、测试集的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.782(95%CI:0.750~0.813)、0.770(95%CI:0.710~0.829),DeLong检验P>0.05。训练集、测试集取得临床收益的阈值概率分别为0.54、0.61。结论 本研究构建了基于机器学习的中小学生重度视力不良与腰背痛共患风险预测模型,并通过可视化手段直观呈现预测结果,可为制定重度视力不良与腰背痛防控政策提供依据。

关键词: 重度视力不良, 腰背痛, 机器学习, 共患风险, 影响因素, 预测模型

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the co-occurrence influencing factors of severe visual impairment and low back pain and establish a predictive model,providing ideas for the prevention and control measures of severe visual impairment and low back pain. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 1 701 primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Qingdao from September to November 2023. A co-morbidity screening for severe visual impairment and low back pain and a questionnaire survey on influencing factors were carried out. Based on the machine learning algorithm Boruta combined with XGBoost,the co-morbidity influencing factors were analyzed and a predictive model was developed,which was visualized by an interactive Nomogram. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical software version 4.3.3. Results The co-morbidity rate of severe visual impairment and low back pain among primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Qingdao was 15.34%(261 cases). The main influencing factors selected were grade,types of fruits consumed,days with more than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity,moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity for more than 60 minutes on weekends,places for activities during breaks,one fist distance during reading and writing,one foot distance during reading and writing,one inch distance during reading and writing,reading or using electronic screens while lying down,distance of more than 3 meters between eyes and TV screen,daily sleep time,and daily indoor sedentary time,etc.(12 influencing factors,all P<0.05). The predictive model demonstrated an AUC of 0.782(95%CI:0.750-0.813) in the training set and 0.770(95%CI:0.710-0.829) in the test set,with no statistically significant difference between them(DeLong test P>0.05). The threshold probabilities for achieving clinical utility were identified as 0.54 in the training set and 0.61 in the test set. Conclusion A machine learning-based predictive model for the co-morbidity of severe visual impairment and low back pain among primary and secondary school students has been developed. The prediction results are presented through visualization tools,which can provide a basis for formulating prevention and control policies for severe visual impairment and low back pain.

Key words: Severe visual impairment, Lower back pain, Machine Learning, Comorbidity risk, Influencing factors, Predictive model

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