精神专科护士共情疲劳、情绪智力与工作投入现状及相关分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 2064-2068.

精神专科护士共情疲劳、情绪智力与工作投入现状及相关分析

鲁玉荣¹, 张敏², 余利平³

1.武汉市第二精神病医院精神科,湖北武汉 430084;
2.武汉中西医结合骨科医院急诊科,湖北武汉 430000;
3.武汉市精神卫生中心精神康复三病区,湖北武汉 430000

收稿日期:2024-09-25 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-12-12
作者简介:鲁玉荣,女,主管护师,主要从事精神心理护理工作。

The current status and related analysis of compassion fatigue,emotional intelligence,and work engagement among psychiatric nurses

LU Yurong¹, ZHANG Min², YU Liping³

1. Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Second Psychiatric Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430084, China;
2. Emergency Department, Wuhan Orthopaedics Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan 430000, China;
3. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Third Ward, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Hubei, Wuhan 430000, China

Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2024-10-12 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-12-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查湖北省3所三级医院护士工作投入现状,并分析其影响因素,为提高医院精神专科护士的工作投入水平提供参考依据。方法 2024年3—6月,通过便利抽样法抽取湖北省3所三级医院护士采用一般资料问卷、共情疲劳量表、情绪智力量表和工作投入量表进行问卷调查,采用t检验/F检验分析不同人口学特征下精神专科护士共情疲劳、情绪智力及工作投入的差异,采用Pearson分析探讨变量间的相关性,多元线性回归分析精神专科护士工作投入的影响因素。结果精神专科护士共情疲劳得分为（52.49±2.60）分,情绪智力得分为（61.60±8.18）分,工作投入得分为（33.53±4.91）分;性别、职称、共情疲劳和情绪智力是护士工作投入的主要影响因素（均P<0.05）,共解释总变异的85.9%。结论精神专科护士存在共情疲劳,情绪智力及工作投入处于中度水平,护士性别、职称、共情疲劳和情绪智力可对其工作投入度产生影响。护理管理者应根据护士自身特点采取相应针对性干预措施以改善精神专科护士共情疲劳程度,提高情绪智力管理,进而提高其工作投入水平。

关键词: 精神专科, 护士, 共情疲劳, 情绪智力, 工作投入

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of nurse work engagement in three tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province,and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference basis for improving the work engagement level of psychiatric nurses in hospitals. Methods From March to June 2024,nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province were selected by convenient sampling method to conduct questionnaire surveys using general questionnaires,empathy fatigue scales,emotional intelligence scales and work engagement scales. t/F test was used to analyze the differences in empathy fatigue,emotional intelligence,and work engagement of psychiatric nurses under different demographic characteristics,pearson analysis was used to explore the correlation between variables,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of work engagement of psychiatric nurses. Results The empathy fatigue score of psychiatric nurses was （52.49±2.60）points,the emotional intelligence score was （61.60±8.18）points,and the work engagement score was （33.53±4.91）points. Gender,professional title,empathy fatigue and emotional intelligence were the main influencing factors of nurses' work engagement（all P<0.05）,explaining 85.9% of the total variation. Conclusion Psychiatric nurses have empathy fatigue,and their emotional intelligence and work investment are at a moderate level. The gender,professional title,empathy fatigue and emotional intelligence of nurses can affect their work engagement. Nursing managers should take corresponding targeted interventions according to the characteristics of nurses to improve the empathy fatigue of psychiatric nurses and emotional intelligence management,so as to improve their work engagement level.

Key words: Psychiatric specialty, Nurse, Empathy fatigue, Emotional intelligence, Work engagement

中图分类号:

R181.3

鲁玉荣, 张敏, 余利平. 精神专科护士共情疲劳、情绪智力与工作投入现状及相关分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(15): 2064-2068.

LU Yurong, ZHANG Min, YU Liping. The current status and related analysis of compassion fatigue,emotional intelligence,and work engagement among psychiatric nurses. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(15): 2064-2068.

参考文献

[1] KHOBRANI A A,ALOSAIMI A K,ABBAS K S,et al.Professional quality of life among psychiatric and non-psychiatric nurses in Jeddah[J].Med Sci,2023,27:1-11.
[2] MASON V M,LESLIE G,CLARK K,et al.Compassion fatigue,moral distress,and work engagement in surgical intensive care unit trauma nurses:A pilot study[J].Dimens Crit Care Nurs,2014,33(4):215-225.
[3] DE LOOFF P,NIJMAN H,DIDDEN R,et al.Burnout symptoms in forensic psychiatric nurses and their associations with personality,emotional intelligence and client aggression:A cross-sectional study[J].J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs,2018,25(8):506-516.
[4] VAN BOGAERT P,CLARKE S,WILLEMS R,et al.Staff engagement as a target for managing work environments in psychiatric hospitals:Implications for workforce stability and quality of care[J].J Clin Nurs,2013, 22(11-12):1717-1728.
[5] 孙炳海,江奕儒,楼宝娜,等.医护人员共情疲劳的发生机制:有中介的调节效应模型[J].心理研究,2014,7(1):59-65.
[6] WONG C S,LAW K S.The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude:An exploratory study[J].Leadership Quarterly,2002,13(3):243-274.
[7] 张轶文,甘怡群.中文版Utrecht工作投入量表(UWES)的信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(3):4.
[8] 於茗,王慧,张琴,等.感知护士长关怀在精神科护士共情疲劳与关怀患者行为间的中介效应[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(1):76-79.
[9] ITZHKI M,BLUVSTEIN I,PELES BORTZ A,et al.Mental health nurse's exposure to workplace violence leads to job stress,which leads to reduced professional quality of life[J].Front Psychiatry,2018,9:59.
[10] WANG Y,LI Y,LI W,et al.Effect of compassion fatigue on the caring ability of young psychiatric nurses:A dominance analysis and chain mediation model[J].Nurs Open,2023,10(7):4313-4320.
[11] 梁丽芬,曹治,覃远丽,等.精神科护士临床决策意识与情绪智力的相关性[J].广州医药,2022,53(4):110-113.
[12] 余华香,王建宁,熊柱凤,等.护理人员情绪智力的研究进展[J].全科护理,2019,17(26):3233-3237.
[13] 史艳茹,李琦,曹效亲,等.569名精神科护士创新行为现况及影响因素分析[J].护理学报,2024,31(11):48-52.
[14] ALQARNI T,ALGHAMDI A,ALZAHRANI A,et al.Prevalence of stress,burnout,and job satisfaction among mental healthcare professionals in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia[J].PLoS One,2022,17(4):e0267578.
[15] MUKAIHATA T,FUJIMOTO H,GREINER C.Factors influencing work engagement among psychiatric nurses in Japan[J].J Nurs Manag,2020, 28(2):306-316.
[16] ALRESHIDI S M.Compassion fatigue prevalence and risk factors among Saudi psychiatric nurses:A cross-sectional study[J].Medicine,2023, 102(45):e35975.
[17] ZENG J Y,AN F R,XIANG Y T,et al.Frequency and risk factors of workplace violence on psychiatric nurses and its impact on their quality of life in China[J].Psychiatry Res,2013,210(2):510-514.
[18] 邢海燕. 手术室护士共情疲劳与社会支持、抗逆力、工作投入的关系分析:一项混合研究[D].济南:山东大学,2023.
[19] COETZEE S K,KLOPPER H C.Compassion fatigue within nursing practice:A concept analysis[J].Nurs Health Sci,2010,12(2):235-243.
[20] SORENSON C,BOLICK B,WRIGHT K,et al.An evolutionary concept analysis of compassion fatigue[J].J Nurs Scholarsh,2017,49(5):557-563.
[21] XIE W,WANG J,OKOLI C,et al.Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese psychiatric nurses:A cross-sectional study[J].Medicine,2020,99(29):e21083.
[22] SINCLAIR S,RAFFIN S,VENTURATO L,et al.Compassion fatigue:A meta-narrative review of the healthcare literature[J].Int J Nurs Stud,2017,69:9-24.
[23] 李莉,陈海英,潘红,等.川东北地区综合医院老年科护士情绪智力、职业幸福感对工作投入的影响[J].职业与健康,2022,38(18):2536-2540.
[24] ADAMS K L,ISELER J I.The relationship of bedside nurses' emotional intelligence with quality of care[J].J Nurs Care Qual,2014,29(2):174-181.
[25] AL-HAMDAN Z M,MUHSEN A,ALHAMDAN M,et al.Emotional intelligence and intent to stay among nurses employed in Jordanian hospitals[J].J Nurs Manag,2020,28(2):351-358.
[26] ALHASSAN M.Effect of a 2-day communication skills training on nursing and midwifery students' empathy:A randomised controlled trial[J].BMJ Open,2019,9(3):e023666.
[27] BLUTH K,LATHREN C,SILBERSACK HICKEY J,et al.Self-compassion training for certified nurse assistants in nursing homes[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2021,69(7):1896-1905.