新疆非职业暴露人群血砷、血硒、血锑内暴露水平分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 3116-3119.

新疆非职业暴露人群血砷、血硒、血锑内暴露水平分析

祝宇铭, 王琛琛, 日沙来提·塔依尔, 达吾热尼·木合塔尔, 林勤

新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测与控制所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2025-03-17 修回日期:2025-04-02 发布日期:2025-12-15
通信作者: 林勤,主任医师,E-mail：1978742354@qq.com
作者简介:祝宇铭,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境卫生与地方病防治工作。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2021D01C123）; 达能基金（DIC2021-04）

Analysis of blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony internal exposure levels in non-occupationally exposed population in Xinjiang

ZHU Yuming, WANG Chenchen, Rishalaiti Tayier, Dawureni Muhetaer, LIN Qin

Health Hazard Monitoring and Control Institute,Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China

Received:2025-03-17 Revised:2025-04-02 Published:2025-12-15
Contact: LIN Qin,Chief physician,E-mail：1978742354@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的通过分析新疆非职业暴露人群全血中砷、硒及锑元素内暴露水平,为环境健康政策制定提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,2020年12月—2022年12月分别在阿勒泰市、乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区、乌恰县和泽普县4个研究现场,每个研究现场抽取3个村（社区）3~89岁6个年龄段（3~<6、6~<12、12~<19、19~<40、40~<60、≥60岁）健康居民约1 008人,男女各占50%。采集1 mL空腹静脉血样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）检测血砷、血硒及血锑水平,应用Excel、SPSS 21.0进行数据整理与分析。结果实际检测全血样本969份,新疆非职业暴露人群中血砷、血硒及血锑的检测值[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]分别为0.737（0.577,1.005）、110.287（95.477,126.056）和5.264（3.610,7.162） μg/L。4个地区间血砷、血硒及血锑浓度比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=52.300、96.164、53.939,均P<0.05）。两两比较结果显示,阿勒泰市居民血砷浓度与乌恰县、泽普县比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=-4.430、-6.548,均P<0.05）;水磨沟区居民血砷浓度与乌恰县、泽普县比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=-3.057、-5.186,均P<0.05）;乌恰县居民血砷浓度与泽普县比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=-2.030,P<0.05）;泽普县居民血砷浓度最高。阿勒泰市居民血硒浓度与水磨沟区、乌恰县和泽普县比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=-4.809、-9.065、-7.620,均P<0.05）;水磨沟区居民血硒浓度与乌恰县、泽普县比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=-4.438、-2.908,均P<0.05）;乌恰县居民血硒浓度最高。阿勒泰市水磨沟区和乌恰县居民血锑浓度与泽普县比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=3.654、7.184、2.350,均P<0.05）;水磨沟区居民血锑浓度与阿勒泰市、乌恰县及泽普县居民比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=-3.471、4.705、7.184,均P<0.05）;水磨沟区居民血锑浓度最高。城乡间居民血砷、血硒及血锑浓度比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=5.456、4.088、-8.127,均P<0.05）,其中,城市居民血砷浓度（0.681 μg/L）和血硒浓度（106.822 μg/L）低于农村（血砷为0.778 μg/L、血硒为113.518 μg/L）;城市居民血锑浓度（5.996 μg/L）高于农村（4.795 μg/L）。不同年龄段和性别间居民血砷、血硒及血锑浓度比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ²=4.820、10.409、5.488,均P>0.05）。相关分析结果显示,血硒与血砷、血锑呈正相关（r=0.350、0.090,均P<0.05）,血砷与血锑为负相关（r=-0.130,P<0.05）。结论新疆非职业暴露人群血砷、血硒、血锑内暴露水平存在地区、城乡分布差异。人群内暴露水平与我国其他地区研究结果有较大差异,这可能与地域、人群生活习惯及环境污染和暴露程度不同有关。

关键词: 血砷, 血硒, 血锑, 内暴露

Abstract: Objective To provide reference for the formulation of environmental health policies by analyzing the internal exposure levels of arsenic,selenium and antimony in whole blood of non-occupationally exposed people in Xinjiang. Method From December 2020 to December 2022,a stratified random sampling method was used to select approximately 1 008 healthy residents(50% male and 50% female) in 6 age groups(3-<6,6-<12,12-<19,19-<40,40-<60,≥60 years old) of 3-89 years oldin four study sites,including Altay City,Shuimogou District of Urumqi City,Wuqia County,and Zephyr County,and three villages(communities) in each study site. A 1 mL fasting venous blood sample was collected,and the levels of blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Excel and SPSS 21.0 were applied to organize and analyze the data. Results The actual number of whole blood samples tested was 969. The M(P₂₅,P₇₅) of blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony in the non-occupationally exposed population in Xinjiang were 0.737(0.577,1.005),110.287 (95.477,126.056),and 5.264(3.610,7.162)μg/L,respectively.The differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony concentrations among the four regions were statistically significant(χ²=52.300,96.164,53.939,all P<0.05). Two-by-two comparisons showed that the blood arsenic concentrations of Altay residents were statistically different from those of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.430,-6.548,both P<0.05). The blood arsenic concentrations of Shuimogou residents were statistically different from those of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-3.057,-5.186,both P<0.05). The blood arsenic concentrations of Wuqia County residents were statistically different from those of Zephyr County(χ²=-2.030,P<0.05),and Zephyr County residents had the highest blood arsenic concentration. The blood selenium concentration of the residents of Altay City was statistically different from that of Shuimogou District,Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.809,-9.065,-7.620,all P<0.05). The blood selenium concentration of the residents of Shuimogou District was statistically different from that of Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-4.438,-2.908,both P<0.05),and the blood selenium concentration of the residents in Wuqia County was the highest. Blood antimony concentrations of residents of Altay City,Shuimogou District and Wuqia County were statistically significant different from those of Zephyr County(χ²=3.654,7.184,2.350,all P<0.05). Blood antimony concentrations of residents of Shuimogou District were statistically different from those of Altay City,Wuqia County and Zephyr County(χ²=-3.471,4.705,7.184,all P<0.05),and the highest blood antimony concentration was observed in residents in Shuimogou District. There were statistically significant differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium,and blood antimony concentrations among residents of urban and rural areas(χ²=5.456,4.088,-8.127,all P<0.05). Among them,blood arsenic concentration(0.681 μg/L) and blood selenium concentration(106.822 μg/L) of urban residents were lower than those of rural areas(blood arsenic was 0.778 μg/L and blood selenium was 113.518 μg/L). Blood antimony concentrations were higher in urban residents(5.996 μg/L) than in rural areas(4.795 μg/L). There were no statistically significant differences in blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony concentrations among residents of different age groups and genders(χ²=4.820,10.409,5.488,all P>0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that blood selenium was positively correlated with blood arsenic and blood antimony(r=0.350,0.090,both P<0.05),and blood arsenic was negatively correlated with blood antimony(r=-0.130,P<0.05). Conclusion There are regional and urban/rural differences in blood arsenic,selenium and antimony exposure levels in non-occupationally exposed populations in Xinjiang. There are large differences between the exposure levels in the population and the results of studies in other regions of China,which may be related to the differences in geographic areas,living habits of the population,and the degree of environmental pollution and exposure.

Key words: Blood arsenic, Blood selenium, Blood antimony, Internal exposure

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺4

祝宇铭, 王琛琛, 日沙来提·塔依尔, 达吾热尼·木合塔尔, 林勤. 新疆非职业暴露人群血砷、血硒、血锑内暴露水平分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(22): 3116-3119.

ZHU Yuming, WANG Chenchen, Rishalaiti Tayier, Dawureni Muhetaer, LIN Qin. Analysis of blood arsenic,blood selenium and blood antimony internal exposure levels in non-occupationally exposed population in Xinjiang. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(22): 3116-3119.

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