外卖快餐中5种污染元素含量分析及膳食暴露风险评估

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1356-1360.

外卖快餐中5种污染元素含量分析及膳食暴露风险评估

刘婷, 林立, 周瑞泽, 赵茜茜, 齐云肖, 王琳琳

北京市食品检验研究院（北京市食品安全监控和风险评估中心）,国家市场监管重点实验室（食品安全重大综合保障关键技术）,北京 100094

收稿日期:2024-10-05 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-12-18
通信作者: 林立,正高级工程师,E-mail：linli77422@aliyun.com
作者简介:刘婷,女,高级工程师,主要从事食品检测与安全工作。
基金资助:
北京市科技计划（Z221100007122005)

Analysis of five pollutant element content in takeaway fast food and risk assessment of dietary exposure

LIU Ting, LIN Li, ZHOU Ruize, ZHAO Xixi, QI Yunxiao, WANG Linlin

Beijing Institute of Food Inspection（Beijing Municipal Center for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment）,Key Laboratory of Key Technologies of Major Comprehensive Guarantee of Food Safety for State Market Regulation,Beijing 100094,China

Received:2024-10-05 Revised:2024-10-12 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-12-18
Contact: LIN LI,Professor of engineer,E-mail：linli77422@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2024年2月北京地区畅销的外卖快餐中铅、砷、汞、镉和铝5种污染元素的含量并进行初步膳食暴露风险评估。方法样品通过匀浆和冷冻干燥步骤,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）分析元素含量,结合每周计算摄入量/每周允许摄入量（estimated weekly intake/provisional tolerable weekly intake,EWI/PTWI）方法和暴露边界值（margin of exposure,MOE）方法进行暴露风险评估。结果样品中5种元素含量的离散程度较大,CV为73.5%（铅）~422%（镉）,整体污染程度较低,其中铅和汞的平均含量均低于检出限（limit of detection,LOD）,砷、镉和铝的平均含量为0.018、0.028和9.8 mg/kg。全人群铅、砷、汞、镉和铝的平均摄入量分别为14.4、27.5、0.85、42.8 μg/d和4.39 mg/d。结论铅、砷和汞元素整体暴露风险较低,但在低龄人群中高污染样品中仍存在一定的暴露风险。其中镉和铝元素的暴露风险高低与样品种类密切有关,全人群特别是未成年人群应关注长期摄入外卖餐食带来的风险,注意调整膳食结构,均衡膳食。

关键词: 外卖快餐, 铅, 砷, 汞, 镉, 铝, 含量分析, 膳食暴露评估

Abstract: Objective To analyze the content of lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium,and aluminum in the popular takeaway fast food in Beijing in February 2024 and conduct a preliminary dietary exposure risk assessment. Methods The samples were homogenized and freeze-dried,and the elemental contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）,combined with estimated weekly intake/provisional tolerable weekly intake（EI/PTWI） method and margin of exposure（MOE） method for exposure risk assessment. Results The content of the five elements in the samples were highly dispersed,with a CV ranging from 73.5%（Pb） to 422%（Cd）,and the overall contamination level was low,with the average content of Pb and Hg below the limit of detection（LOD）,and the average content of arsenic,cadmium,and aluminum at 0.018,0.028,and 9.8 mg/kg,respectively. The average intake of lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium and aluminum for the whole population was 14.4,27.5,0.85,42.8 μg/d and 4.39 mg/d,respectively. Conclusion The overall exposure risk of lead,arsenic and mercury elemental is relatively low,but there is still some exposure risk in highly contaminated samples in the lower age group. The exposure risks of cadmium and aluminum were closely related to the sample types. The whole population,especially the underage population,should be concerned about the risks associated with the long-term intake of takeaway meals and pay attention to adjusting the dietary structure and balanced diet.

Key words: Takeaway fast food, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium, Aluminium, Content analysis, Dietary exposure assessment

中图分类号:

R155.5⁺1

刘婷, 林立, 周瑞泽, 赵茜茜, 齐云肖, 王琳琳. 外卖快餐中5种污染元素含量分析及膳食暴露风险评估. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(10): 1356-1360.

LIU Ting, LIN Li, ZHOU Ruize, ZHAO Xixi, QI Yunxiao, WANG Linlin. Analysis of five pollutant element content in takeaway fast food and risk assessment of dietary exposure. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(10): 1356-1360.

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