北京市朝阳区学龄儿童营养素养现况及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解北京市朝阳区学龄儿童营养素养水平及其影响因素，为提升其营养健康水平提供参考。方法 2023年4—6月，采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市朝阳区学龄儿童作为调查对象，采用问卷调查方法分别对学生及其家长的健康、营养等现况开展调查，收集学生常规健康检查信息。使用SPSS 29.0统计软件进行数据处理与分析，采用二元logistics回归模型分析营养素养的影响因素。结果最终获得605组学生及其对应家长的有效问卷，学生营养素养综合得分为（69.02±9.58）分，具备率为23.80%。年级、家庭食物环境、每日白天户外活动时间、BMI、每日屏幕娱乐时间均为营养素养的影响因素（均P<0.05）。高年级（7~9年级：OR=2.743，95%CI：1.687~4.460；10~12年级：OR=2.942，95%CI：1.748~4.953）、较健康的家庭食物环境（OR=1.735，95%CI：1.146~2.626）、每日白天户外活动时间≥1 h（OR=1.738，95%CI：1.187~2.679）是朝阳区学龄儿童具备营养素养的保护因素。超重及肥胖（OR=0.524，95%CI：0.322~0.855）、每日屏幕娱乐时间≥2 h（OR=0.325，

关键词: 营养素养, 影响因素, 学龄儿童, 家庭食物环境

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the nutritional literacy level and influencing factors of school-age children in Chaoyang District of Beijing City，and provide reference for improving their nutritional health level. Methods From April to June 2023，school-age children in Chaoyang District of Beijing City were selected as the survey subjects by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The health and nutrition status of students and their parents were investigated by questionnaire survey，and the information of students' routine physical examination was collected. SPSS 29.0 statistical software was used for data processing and analysis，and the binary logistics regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional literacy. Results Finally，605 groups of valid questionnaires of students and their corresponding parents were obtained. The mean comprehensive score of students' nutritional literacy was（69.02±9.58）points，and the qualification rate was 23.80%. Grade，family food environment，daily outdoor activity time，BMI，and screen entertainment time were all influencing factors of nutritional literacy（all P<0.05 ）. Senior grade（grades 7-9：OR=2.743， 95%CI：1.687-4.460； grade 10-12：OR=2.942， 95%CI：1.748-4.953 ）， healthier family food environment（ OR=1.735， 95%CI：1.146-2.626 ） and daily outdoor activity time ≥1 hour（ OR=1.738， 95%CI：1.187-2.679） were protective factors for the nutritional literacy of school-age children in Chaoyang District. Overweight and obesity（OR=0.524，95%CI：0.322-0.855） and daily screen entertainment time ≥2 h（OR=0.325，95%CI：0.151-0.696） were risk factors for the nutritional literacy of school-age children. Conclusion The nutritional literacy rate of school-age children in Chaoyang District is relatively high，especially in the dimensions of knowledge and concepts，but the literacy levels in each dimension are uneven. We should focus on cultivating students' transformation from nutritional knowledge concepts to the ability to choose，make and consume food.Strengthen education and practice，explore the establishment of a "five-in-one" collaborative model involving the government，professional institutions，schools，families and communities to improve students' nutritional literacy and ensure nutritional health.

Key words: Nutritional literacy, Influencing factors, School-age children, Family food environment

中图分类号:

R181.37

于江帆, 王银会, 阮明捷, 巴蕾. 北京市朝阳区学龄儿童营养素养现况及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(24): 3362-3367.

YU Jiangfan, WANG Yinhui, RUAN Mingjie, BA Lei. Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of nutritional literacy among school-age children in Chaoyang District of Beijing City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(24): 3362-3367.

图/表 7

参考文献 21

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范畴	维度	分数	例题
认知	理念和知识	32.00	我的健康和行为应该主要由家长做决定
技能	选择食物	25.00	我购买食品时关注包装上的食品标签
	制作食物	10.00	厨房切生肉的案板洗净后就能切熟肉
	摄入食物	33.00	早饭时间不饿就不吃了，中午多吃点就行
总分		100.00

范畴	维度	分数	例题
认知	理念和知识	32.00	我的健康和行为应该主要由家长做决定
技能	选择食物	25.00	我购买食品时关注包装上的食品标签
	制作食物	10.00	厨房切生肉的案板洗净后就能切熟肉
	摄入食物	33.00	早饭时间不饿就不吃了，中午多吃点就行
总分		100.00

维度	分数	例题
家庭食物物理环境	14.00	近1个月来，家里是否经常给孩子提供薯类及粗杂粮
家庭喂养模式	29.00	我会监督孩子少吃零食，如薯片、饼干等
家庭食物规则	20.00	限制吃油炸食品和肥肉
家庭饮食行为	11.00	在家吃饭时，家人会讨论营养与健康话题
照护者营养健康素养	26.00	日常膳食中我会注意荤素搭配
总分	100.00

维度	分数	例题
家庭食物物理环境	14.00	近1个月来，家里是否经常给孩子提供薯类及粗杂粮
家庭喂养模式	29.00	我会监督孩子少吃零食，如薯片、饼干等
家庭食物规则	20.00	限制吃油炸食品和肥肉
家庭饮食行为	11.00	在家吃饭时，家人会讨论营养与健康话题
照护者营养健康素养	26.00	日常膳食中我会注意荤素搭配
总分	100.00

内容	维度	总分	得分（$\bar{x}\pm s$）	具备率（%）
营养素养		100.00	69.02±9.58	23.80
认知范畴	知识和理念	32.00	23.14±3.49	47.44
技能范畴	选择食物	25.00	15.72±4.08	20.17
	制作食物	10.00	6.79±1.39	35.87
	摄入食物	33.00	23.37±3.63	32.40