职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 202-207.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

精神幸福感在农村老年慢性病患者主观社会隔离和存在无意义焦虑间的中介作用

冀婉倩, 陈喆, 李卫, 王冬华()   

  1. 长沙医学院,湖南 长沙 410219
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-05-03 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-06
  • 通信作者: 王冬华,E-mail:wangdonghua1108@163.com
  • 作者简介:冀婉倩,女,在读本科生。
  • 基金资助:
    2023 年湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(湘教通[2023]237 号-4058)

Mediation role of spiritual well-being between subjective social isolation and the presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases

JI Wanqian, CHEN Zhe, LI Wei, WANG Donghua()   

  1. Changsha Medical College,Changsha,Hunan 410219,China
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-05-03 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-06

摘要:

目的 探讨精神幸福感在湖南省农村老年慢性病患者主观社会隔离与存在无意义焦虑间的中介效应。 方法 采用便利抽样法,于2023年7—8月选取湖南省娄底市和永州市的6个农村348名老年慢性病患者作为研究对象,采用自行编制的一般资料调查问卷,老年慢性病患者存在无意义焦虑量表、精神幸福感指数量表、主观社会隔离量表对其进行调查。 结果 湖南省农村老年慢性病患者存在无意义焦虑、精神幸福感、主观社会隔离总分分别为39.00(22.25,59.00)、(33.04±10.16)和(16.36±2.81)分。精神幸福感与存在无意义焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.448,P<0.01),与主观社会隔离总分呈负相关(r=-0.322,P<0.01);精神幸福感在主观社会隔离与存在无意义焦虑间起部分中介效应,占总效应的43.7%。 结论 湖南省农村老年慢性病患者的存在无意义焦虑水平处于中等偏下水平,与精神幸福感呈负相关,与主观社会隔离呈正相关。主观社会隔离不仅可以直接预测存在无意义焦虑,还能通过精神幸福感对存在无意义焦虑起间接预测作用。可采取相关措施提升湖南省农村老年慢性病患者的精神幸福感,以降低其存在无意义焦虑水平,促进心理健康。

关键词: 老年人, 农村, 慢性病, 存在无意义焦虑, 精神幸福感, 主观社会隔离, 中介作用

Abstract:

Objective To explore the mediation effect of spiritual well-being between subjective social isolation and the presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 348 elderly patients with chronic diseases from 6 rural areas in Loudi City and Yongzhou City,Hunan Province from July to August 2023 as the research subjects. A self-designed general information survey questionnaire,elderly patients with chronic diseases had meaningless anxiety scale,mental happiness index scale and subjective social isolation scale were used for investigation,and the data were analyzed. Results The total scores of presence of meaningless anxiety in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases,spiritual well-being and subjective social isolation were 39.00(22.25,59.00),(33.04±10.16) and (16.36±2.81)points,respectively. Spiritual well-being was negatively correlation with presence of meaningless anxiety and total subjective social isolation score(r=-0.448,-0.322,both P<0.01).Spiritual well-being had a partial mediating effect between subjective social isolation and presence of meaningless anxiety,accounting for 43.7% of the total effect. Conclusion The presence of meaningless anxiety levels in rural elderly patients with chronic diseases in Hunan Province is at a moderate to low level,negatively correlated with spiritual well-being,and positively correlated with subjective social isolation. Subjective social isolation can not only directly predict the presence of meaningless anxiety,but also indirectly predict the presence of meaningless anxiety through spiritual well-being. Relevant measures can be taken to enhance the spiritual well-being of elderly chronic disease patients in rural areas of Hunan Province,in order to reduce their level of presence of meaningless anxiety and promote their mental health.

Key words: Elderly, Rural areas, Chronic disease, Presence of meaningless anxiety, Spiritual well-being, Subjective social isolation, Mediating effect

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