关键词: 戈壁, 作业人员, 身心健康, 职业教育

Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of Gobi environment on the physical and mental health of workers,and to provide scientific basis for formulating protective measures. Methods From July 2023 to February 2024,100 workers in Gobi and 100 workers in non-Gobi in a mining group were randomly selected as the investigation group and the control group. Questionnaires,mental health tests and physical examinations were conducted in the two groups,and the differences between the two groups were statistically analyzed and the reasons were discussed. Results There was no significant difference in baseline between the two groups. Compared with the non-Gobi working group,the number of symptoms per capita in Gobi working group increased significantly（6.13 vs 3.88,P<0.05）,suggesting that the risk of discomfort may be higher. The incidence of insomnia,fatigue,nervous system,respiratory system,digestive system,vision and bleeding tendency among workers in Gobi operation group was significantly higher than that in non-Gobi operation group（all P<0.05）. Workers in Gobi group believed that air（97.00%）,dust（97.00%） and water quality（96.00%） were the most prominent environmental factors affecting health. In the mental health test,the risk of somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety and other factors in Gobi group was significantly higher than that in non-Gobi group（all P<0.05）. Physical examination showed that the average number of white blood cells in Gobi group was significantly higher than that in non-Gobi group（6.55×10⁹/L vs 6.01×10⁹/L）,while the levels of aspartate aminotransferase（22.50 vs 24.46 U/L） and uric acid（383.64 vs 407.52 μmol/L） were significantly lower than that in non-Gobi group（both P<0.05）. The abnormal rate of physical examination in non-Gobi group was higher than that in Gobi group（64.89% vs 46.32%）,and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion The special environment of Gobi has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of workers. It is not only the responsibility of enterprises,but also the need of construction and development to systematically popularize vocational education for employees,organize regular health examination,improve and perfect Gobi operation protective equipment,and strengthen medical security and psychological protection.

Key words: Gobi, Operating personnel, Physical and mental health, Vocational education