医务人员职业伤害风险感知的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文综述了医务人员职业伤害风险感知的相关概念、现状及其主要测评工具。从人口学因素（如性别、年龄、工作年限等）、个体特质因素（如心理状态、情绪反应等）、社会环境因素（如工作场所的人际关系、组织支持等）等方面分析了医务人员职业伤害风险感知的影响因素。综合相关研究，总结有助于医务人员维持合理职业伤害风险感知水平的措施，包括加强个体风险意识的培养、优化社会支持系统、提升工作环境的安全性等。未来应积极开展医务人员职业伤害风险感知测评工具的研制、创新医务人员职业伤害风险感知教育培训的内容及方式、为医务人员提供适宜的内外环境支持，以期为创新本土化的职业伤害风险感知培训模式和评价工具以及促进医务人员进行积极的风险管理行为提供参考。

关键词: 风险感知, 职业伤害, 医务人员, 研究进展

Abstract:

This paper reviews the relevant concepts，current status，and its main measurement tools of medical staff's perceived risk of occupational injuries. The influencing factors of medical personnel's occupational injury risk perception are analyzed in terms of demographic factors（e.g. gender，age，years of working experience，etc.），individual trait factors（e.g. psychological state，emotional response，etc.），and social environment factors（e.g. interpersonal relationship in the workplace，organizational support，etc.）. Comprehensive related studies were conducted to summarize the measures that can help medical staff maintain a reasonable level of perceived risk of occupational injury，including strengthening the cultivation of individual risk awareness，optimizing the social support system，and enhancing the safety of the work environment. In the future，the development of assessment tools for occupational injury risk perception of medical personnel，the innovation of the content and method of education and training on occupational injury risk perception of medical personnel，and the provision of appropriate internal and external environmental support for medical personnel should be actively pursued. The above review is intended to provide a reference for the innovation of localized occupational injury risk perception training models and assessment tools，as well as the promotion of positive risk management behaviours among medical personnel.

Key words: Risk perception, Occupational injury, Medical personnel, Research progress

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

杨洁惠, 张容, 钟运铃, 刘声语, 王亚娜. 医务人员职业伤害风险感知的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(4): 561-565.

YANG Jiehui, ZHANG Rong, ZHONG Yunling, LIU Shengyu, WANG Yana. Research progress of medical staff's occupational injury risk perception. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(4): 561-565.

参考文献 44

[1]	国务院.健康中国行动(2019—2030)[EB/OL].(2019-07-15)[2024-12-20].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-07/15/content_5409694.htm.
[2]	杜学礼, 黄蔚, 黄雪飞, 等. 公立医疗机构医务人员身心健康改善策略[J]. 解放军医院管理杂志, 2021, 28(2):160-165.
[3]	何清霞, 巴志琼, 詹绮珊, 等. 医务人员工作安全感影响因素的质性研究[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(5):754-758.
[4]	王丹丹, 张爱华, 冯先琼. 重大突发事件下公众风险感知、情绪、行为的研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2022, 36(10):1803-1809.
[5]	徐好, 金瑛, 魏莱. 临床护士护理风险感知的研究进展[J]. 循证护理, 2023, 9(11):1975-1978.
[6]	谢琅, 徐小东, 单继宣, 等. 某医院工作人员职业性伤害现况分析[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2024, 50(1):61-63.
[7]	谢美莲, 张志云. 医院工勤人员血源性职业暴露认知与自我防护能力调查[J]. 解放军医院管理杂志, 2020, 27(4):342-345,349.
[8]	KAUFMAN A R, TWESTEN J E, SULS J, et al. Measuring cigarette smoking risk perceptions[J]. Nicotine Tob Res, 2020, 22(11):1937-1945. DOI PMID
[9]	SJÖBERG L. Worry and risk perception[J]. Risk Analysis, 1998, 18(1):85-93. PMID
[10]	BAUER R A. Consumer behavior as risk taking in Dynamic marketing for a changing world[M]. Chicago: American Marketing Association,1960:389-398.
[11]	CUNNINGHAM S. “The major dimensions of perceived risk”,Cox D F(ED),Risk Taking and Information Handing in Consumer Behavior[M]. Boston,M A: Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University Press,1967:82-108.
[12]	SLOVIC P. Perception of risk[J]. Science, 236(4799):280-285. DOI URL
[13]	KAUFMAN A R, PERSOSKIE A, TWESTEN J, et al. A review of risk perception measurement in tobacco control research[J]. Tob Control, 2020, 29(1):s50-s58.
[14]	KEARNEY J, MUIR C, SMITH K. Occupational injury among paramedics:A systematic review[J]. Inj Prev, 2022, 28(2):175-184. DOI URL
[15]	蒋妮, 孔巧美, 覃依, 等. 医务人员职业伤害影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生管理, 2016, 32(2):143-145,173.
[16]	VÁZQUEZ-CALATAYUD M, OROVIOGOICOECHEA C, PITTIGLIO L, et al. Nurses’ protocol-based care decision-making:A multiple case study[J]. J Clin Nurs, 2020, 29(23-24):4806-4817. DOI URL
[17]	王芳, 杭荣华, 黄龙. 医务人员风险感知对心理健康的影响:个体恐惧体验和自我效能感的中介作用[J]. 皖南医学院学报, 2022, 41(5):483-486.
[18]	CHEUNG K, HO S M S, LAM W. Factors affecting the willingness of nursing students to receive annual seasonal influenza vaccination:A large-scale cross-sectional study[J]. Vaccine, 2017, 35(11):1482-1487. DOI URL
[19]	ARGENTERO P, ZANALETTI W, LEITER M P. Risk Perception in Healthcare Workers:The Role of Work Area and Occupational Role[J]. J Occup Safety Ergon, 2018, 24(2):123-134.
[20]	LEE S J, FAUCETT J, GILLEN M, et al. Risk perception of musculoskeletal injury among critical care nurses[J]. Nurs Res, 2013, 62(1):36-44. DOI URL
[21]	朱慧崟, 洪佳楠, 陈晶. 公立医院医生职业风险感知及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国医院, 2022, 26(1):47-50.
[22]	邓书华, 刘智平. 重庆市14家医院护理人员对胰岛素注射相关针刺伤风险感知现状[J]. 职业与健康, 2018, 34(13):1812-1816
[23]	张欣唯, 曹郭蕾, 许志敏, 等. 护理人员风险感知问卷的编制[J]. 护理研究, 2016, 30(19):2353-2355.
[24]	MÉNDEZ-MATURRANO Á N, PERALES-SAN-MIGUEL J L, ALARCO J J. Occupational risk perception and its associated factors among nurses and physicians in Peruvian health facilities[J]. Rev Bras Med Trab, 2023, 21(3):e2021928.
[25]	LEITER M P, ROBICHAUD P. Risk perception in the workplace:Development and validation of the Risk Perception Questionnaire[J]. J Occup Health Psychol, 1997, 2(1),43-56.
[26]	AKSOY B, PASLI GURDOGAN E. Occupational risk perception:A scale development study[J]. J Nurs Educ Pract, 2019, 9(6):25-32.
[27]	李红, 宋亦男, 王小芳. 护理职业风险评估工具的研制与评价[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2008, 43(7):651-654.
[28]	朱倩, 李爱娟, 夏文杰, 等. 消毒供应中心工作人员职业暴露风险感知量表的编制及信效度检验[J]. 护理学杂志, 2023, 38(15):114-119.
[29]	KOH Y, HEGNEY D, DRURY V. Nurses' perceptions of risk from emerging respiratory infectious diseases:A Singapore study[J]. Int J Nurs Pract, 2012, 18(2):195-204. DOI URL
[30]	邵小琴. 军队医院护理人员风险感知特点及影响因素研究[D]. 上海: 中国人民解放军海军军医大学, 2024.
[31]	葛胜燕, 孔荣华, 刘艳丽, 等. 男女护士风险感知水平及影响因素对比研究[J]. 中华肿瘤防治杂志, 2020, 27(17):1421-1427.
[32]	郭艳枫, 吕泳标, 李荣满, 等. 急诊科护士风险感知、护理工作环境与心理弹性的关系研究[J]. 重庆医学, 2024, 53(16):2525-2529.
[33]	ATINGA R A, YARNEY L, SAA-TOUH MORT K, et al. Measures and narratives of the nature,causes and consequences of violent assaults and risk perception of psychiatric hospitals in Ghana:Mental health workers' perspectives[J]. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 2021, 30(1):1342-1353. DOI URL
[34]	杜艳红. “互联网+护理服务”护士风险感知现状及影响因素的混合性研究[D]. 济南: 山东中医药大学, 2021.
[35]	段晓佳, 王丽萍. 工作倦怠对临床护士不良事件风险感知的影响[J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2019, 35(31):2401-2406.
[36]	陈赵云, 韩丹, 张银玲. 护理人员心理弹性与风险感知水平关系研究[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2017, 17(10):696-698.
[37]	唐瑶, 黄惠根. 护士安全感的研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2022, 36(7):1194-1197.
[38]	SHAN B, LIU X, GU A, et al. The Effect of Occupational Health Risk Perception on Job Satisfaction[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(4):2111. DOI URL
[39]	马莉芳, 张雅琦, 牛彦斌, 等. 手术室护士组织支持、风险感知对其职业枯竭的影响研究[J]. 护理研究, 2018, 32(7):1159-1162.
[40]	AYUSO-ÁLVAREZ A, HERNÁNDEZ T B, LLANES A B. Risk perception among health professionals in the first case of secondary Ebola infection in Spain. Case study[J]. Rev Esp Salud Publica, 2021, 95(5):e202109136.
[41]	王静, 陶黎明. 虚拟现实技术在医学领域及临床实践教学中的应用研究[J]. 继续医学教育, 2023, 37(11):137-140.
[42]	CARTER G, LAWRENCE C, WOODWARD B, et al. Accessing Medical Care After a Needlestick Injury:First Responders' Perception of HIV Risk and Attitudes Toward Syringe Service Programs[J]. J Community Health, 2020, 45(3):554-560. DOI
[43]	CHAPIN J, KOLLER C D. Are healthcare professionals optimistic about workplace violence?[J]. Online J Issues Nurs, 2022, 27(3):Article 3.
[44]	张翼, 梅花, 徐婷, 等. 人工智能在卫生保健工作者安全防护中的应用进展[J]. 护理研究, 2024, 38(18):3302-3305.