关键词: 脊柱弯曲异常, 流行病学研究, 影响因素, 中小学生

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and middle school students in Taishan District of Taian City,analyze the related factors,and provide a basis for developing prevention and control strategies and intervention measures for abnormal spinal curvature behavior in children and adolescents. Methods In September 2023,a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 1 990 students from fourth grade of primary and secondary school to third grade of general/vocational high school in schools of Taishan District,to conduct a physical examination of abnormal spinal curvature and a questionnaire survey on influencing factors,and the data were analyzed. Results Among 1 990 primary and secondary school students in Taishan District of Taian City,a total of 158 students were detected with abnormal spinal curvature,with a detection rate of 7.94%.The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature varied among students of different stages,the detection rate in ordinary senior high school was the highest（14.65%）,followed by vocational high school（6.72%） and junior high school（6.38%）, the detection rate in primary school（2.39%） was the lowest,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=52.755,P<0.05）. The junior high school,ordinary senior high school,myopia,and carrying the backpack on one shoulder were the risk factors for abnormal spinal curvature among adolescents in Taishan District（OR=2.176,4.441,1.712,1.993,all P<0.05）. The moderate-to-vigorous exercise frequency of three or more times in the past week,adjusting the height of desks and chairs according to the student's height at least once per semester,switching seats left and right and maintaining good posture at all times were the protective factors for abnormal spinal curvature in adolescents（OR=0.378, 0.535,0.706,0.307,all P<0.05）. Conclusion The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students in Taishan Districtis much higher,which is related to educational stages,the frequency of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the past week,frequency of desks and chairs adjusted for student's height,whether seats are regularly rotated,whether presence of myopia,backpack habits,and requirements for sitting/standing posture.

Key words: Spinal curvature abnormality, Epidemiologic studies, Influencing factors, Primary and middle school student