领悟社会支持对医学生就业焦虑的影响及自我效能感的中介作用

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1679-1684.

领悟社会支持对医学生就业焦虑的影响及自我效能感的中介作用

张淑灵, 哈丽娜, 刘东

宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏银川 750004

收稿日期:2024-09-01 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-12-11
通信作者: 刘东,副教授,硕士研究生导师,E-mail：DongL@nxmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张淑灵,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为行政管理。
基金资助:
国家社科基金项目（19BSH095）

Mediation of perceived social support on employment anxiety and self-efficacy in medical students

ZHANG Shuling, HA Lina, LIU Dong

School of Humanities and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China

Received:2024-09-01 Revised:2024-10-21 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-12-11
Contact: LIU Dong,Associate professor,Master's Supervisor,E-mail：DongL@nxmu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析领悟社会支持对医学生就业焦虑的影响以及自我效能感的中介作用和父母参与的调节作用。方法 2024年3—5月,采取整群抽样法选取宁夏回族自治区某医学院校1 134名在读的医学专业学生作为调查对象,采用领悟社会支持量表、就业焦虑问卷和一般自我效能感量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 1 134名医学生的领悟社会支持总分为（62.32±11.99）分,自我效能感总分为（26.36±6.11）分,就业焦虑总分为（76.56±17.53）分;领悟社会支持显著负向预测医学生就业焦虑（β=-0.333,t=-7.300,P<0.01）,且自我效能感在二者之间起部分中介作用,中介效应值为-0.144,占总效应的30.25%;父母参与对中介模型的前半段路径起调节作用（β=0.025,t=2.336,P<0.05）。结论领悟社会支持与医学生就业焦虑之间存在有调节的中介,自我效能感是中介变量,父母参与能强化领悟社会支持对自我效能感的影响。

关键词: 领悟社会支持, 就业焦虑, 自我效能感, 父母参与, 医学生

Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of perceived social support on employment anxiety in medical students,as well as the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of parental involvement. Methods From March to May 2024,a cluster sampling method was used to select 1 134 medical students studying at a medical college in Ningxia as the survey subjects. The survey was conducted using the perceived social support scale,employment anxiety questionnaire,and general self-efficacy scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of perceived social support,self-efficacy and employment anxiety among 1 134 medical students was （62.32±11.99）,（26.36±6.11） and （76.56±17.53）points,respectively. The perceived social support significantly negatively predicted employment anxiety of medical students（β=-0.333,t=-7.300,P<0.01）,and self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between the two,with a mediating effect value of -0.144,accounting for 30.25% of the total effect. The parental involvement moderated the first half of the mediation model（β=0.025,t=2.336,P<0.05）. Conclusion There is a moderated mediator between perceived social support and employment anxiety among medical students,with self-efficacy as the mediating variable,and parental involvement can enhance the impact of perceived social support on self-efficacy.

Key words: Perceived social support, Employment anxiety, Self-efficacy, Parental involvement, Medical students

中图分类号:

R181.3

张淑灵, 哈丽娜, 刘东. 领悟社会支持对医学生就业焦虑的影响及自我效能感的中介作用. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(12): 1679-1684.

ZHANG Shuling, HA Lina, LIU Dong. Mediation of perceived social support on employment anxiety and self-efficacy in medical students. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(12): 1679-1684.

参考文献

[1] 张应强,姜远谋.超大规模的高等教育普及化:时代背景、现实挑战和道路选择[J].高等教育研究,2022,43(8):1-28.
[2] 中华人民共和国教育部.教育部印发通知部署做好2024届全国普通高校毕业生就业创业工作[EB/OL].(2024-01-05)[2024-03-11].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202312/t20231205_1093187.html.
[3] 王秋红,李三阳,罗新红,等.生命意义感在医学院校大学生心理健康状况、职业决策自我效能感间的中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2023,31(12):1893-1898.
[4] 陈维,黄梅,赵守盈.就业社会支持对大学应届毕业生就业焦虑的影响:一个有调节的中介模型[J].中国特殊教育,2020(5):84-89.
[5] 张玉柱,陈中永.高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷的初步编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006(8):555-557.
[6] 吴峰. 大学生主动性人格对择业焦虑的影响:未来自我连续性和时间管理倾向的链式中介作用[D].长春:吉林大学,2023.
[7] 彭蓉. 上行社会比较对大学生就业焦虑的影响:相对剥夺感与失败恐惧的链式中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2023,31(9):1389-1394.
[8] YANG L.Relieving effect of graduation anxiety symptoms based on active employment counseling education[J].CNS Spectr,2023,28(S2):S135.
[9] 高晓倩,钟旻瑛,高歌.大学生社会支持与就业焦虑的关系:自我效能感的中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2020,28(11):1675-1678.
[10] 王爱国,程郎可意.大学生主动性人格对择业焦虑的影响:择业自我效能感和求职清晰度的链式中介作用[J].黑龙江高教研究,2022, 40(7):132-137.
[11] 顾曼丽,徐济达,姜茂敏,等.领悟社会支持与大学生情绪调节的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2024,45(1):82-86.
[12] 张婷,张大均.中学新生心理素质与社交焦虑的关系:自尊和领悟社会支持的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,41(2):39-45.
[13] ALLOWAY R,BEBBINGTON P.The buffer theory of social support-a review of the literature[J].Psychol Med,1987,17(1):91-108.
[14] 范俊强,黄雨心,徐艺敏,等.就业焦虑:毕业前大学生心理压力及其纾解[J].教育学术月刊,2022(9):75-82.
[15] LI N,YANG Y,ZHAO X,et al.The relationship between achievement motivation and college students’ general self-efficacy:A moderated mediation model[J].Front Psychol,2023,13:1031912.
[16] ZHANG Y,CAO X,LEI G,et al.Relationship between perceived social support and postgraduate students’ general self-efficacy:A mediated model with moderation[J].Curr Psychol,2024,43(16):14567-14580.
[17] 徐文健,刘乐义,汤万杰.领悟社会支持对地震青年幸存者创伤后成长的影响:感恩和自我效能感的中介作用[J].心理科学,2023,46(3):611-618.
[18] 张婷婷. 大学生自我效能感、外语学习焦虑与学习倦怠的关系实证研究[J].西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2022,23(6):55-64.
[19] 王亚南,王甜甜,秦姝,等.自我效能感在大学生健康素养与抑郁症状中的中介效应[J].中国健康教育,2023,39(7):596-600,627.
[20] MORALES-RODRÍGUEZ F M,PÉREZ-MÁRMOL J M.The Role of anxiety,coping strategies,and emotional intelli gence on general perceived self-efficacy in university students[J].Front Psychol,2019,10:1689.
[21] 邢成建,郑岚戈,李益智,等.大学生就业心理影响因素:一般自我效能感的中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2023,31(3):413-417.
[22] 高娟. 家庭社会经济地位如何影响大学生就业风险——父母参与和学业成就的中介效应[J].南开经济研究,2022(7):162-181.
[23] TAN C Y.The contribution of cultural capital to students’ mathematics achievement in medium and high socioeconomic gradient economies[J].BERJ,2015,41(6):1050-1067.
[24] HAYNES P.The impact of home-based educational multi-correlates on academic achievement:An analysis of gender discrepancies in Rwanda[J].Int J Incl Educ,2020,24(5):561-577.
[25] FAN W,WILLIAMS C M.The effects of parental involvement on students’ academic self-efficacy,engagement and intrinsic motivation[J].J Educ Psychol,2010,30(1):53-74.
[26] ZIMET G D,DAHLEM N W,ZIMET S G,et al.The multidimensional scale of perceived social support[J].J Pers Assess,1988,52(1):30-41.
[27] 姜乾金. 领悟社会支持量表[J].中国行为医学科学,2001,10(10):41-43.
[28] 王才康,胡中锋,刘勇.一般自我效能感量表的信度和效度研究[J].应用心理学,2001(1):37-40.
[29] 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004(6):942-950.
[30] 颜晓洁,陈振宇,夏怡,等.广州市某医学院校本科生抑郁症状的影响因素分析[J].医学与社会,2024,37(3):121-126,144.
[31] LAZARUS R S,FOLKMAN S.Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping[J].Eur J Pers,1987,1(3):141-169.
[32] 张玉琴. 大学生领悟社会支持对生涯适应力的影响:一般自我效能感的中介作用[J].黑龙江高教研究,2019(9):84-88.
[33] 徐文健,刘乐义,汤万杰.领悟社会支持对地震青年幸存者创伤后成长的影响:感恩和自我效能感的中介作用[J].心理科学,2023,46(3):611-618.
[34] BAKKER A B,SCHAUFELI W B,DEMEROUTI E,et al.Using equity theory to examine the difference between burnout and depression[J].Anxiety Stress Coping,2000,13(3):247-268.
[35] 徐柱柱,郭丛斌.家庭社会经济地位对青少年自我效能感的影响——父母参与的中介作用与独生状况的调节作用[J].河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2020,45(6):135-145.