互联网员工心理健康素养与职业倦怠间的调节中介效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解互联网员工心理健康素养与职业倦怠之间的关系，以及健康促进生活方式的中介作用与工作环境的调节作用。方法 2024年10—11月，使用心理健康素养量表、职业倦怠量表、健康促进生活方式量表和感知工作环境量表，针对27个省636名互联网在职员工进行问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果互联网员工心理健康素养的平均得分为（3.17±0.30）分，健康促进生活方式的平均得分为（3.71±0.45）分，职业倦怠的平均得分为（2.80±0.94）分，工作环境的平均得分为（4.07±0.42）分。心理健康素养对职业倦怠的直接预测作用显著（β=-0.360，P<0.01）；纳入健康促进生活方式后，心理健康素养对职业倦怠的直接预测作用仍显著（β=-0.239，P<0.01），且健康促进生活方式在职业倦怠中的中介作用差异有统计学意义（β=-0.383，P<0.01），中介效应占总效应值的33.70%；工作环境对中介模型的前半段路径具有正向调节作用（β=0.129，P<0.01）。结论互联网员工的心理健康素养与职业倦怠呈显著负相关，且心理健康素养通过健康促进生活方式间接影响职业倦怠。工作环境对模型的前半段路径具有调节作用，即良好的工作环境增强了心理健康素养与健康生活方式之间的关系。这一发现强调，提升互联网员工的心理健康素养、促进健康生活方式并优化工作环境，是有效缓解职业倦怠的重要策略。

关键词: 互联网员工, 心理健康素养, 健康促进生活方式, 工作环境

Abstract:

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health literacy and job burnout among internet employees，as well as the mediating role of a health-promoting lifestyle and the moderating role of the work environment. Methods In October and November 2024，a questionnaire survey was conducted on 636 internet employees from 27 provinces in China. The survey used the mental health literacy scale（MHLS），Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS），health promoting lifestyle profile 2nd edition revised（HPLP-Ⅱ R），and perceived work environment scale，followed by data analysis. Results Internet employees scored a mean of （3.17±0.30）points on mental health literacy，（3.71±0.45）points on health-promoting lifestyle，（2.80±0.94）points on job burnout，and （4.07±0.42）points on work environment. Mental health literacy had a significant direct predictive effect on job burnout（β=-0.360，P<0.01）. After including the health-promoting lifestyle，the direct predictive effect of mental health literacy on job burnout remained significant（β=-0.239，P<0.01），and the health-promoting lifestyle had a statistically significant mediating effect on job burnout（β=-0.383，P<0.01），with the mediating effect accounting for 33.70% of the total effect value. The work environment had a positive moderating effect on the first half of the mediating model path（β=0.129，P<0.01）. Conclusion The mental health literacy among internet workers is significantly and negatively correlated with job burnout，and mental health literacy indirectly affects job burnout through a health-promoting lifestyle. The work environment has a moderating effect on the first half of the model path，meaning that a good work environment enhances the relationship between mental health literacy and a health-promoting lifestyle. This finding emphasizes that improving mental health literacy，promoting a healthy lifestyle，and optimizing the work environment are important strategies for effectively alleviating job burnout.

Key words: Internet employees, Mental health literacy, Health-promoting lifestyle, Work environment

中图分类号:

R181.31

陈恺瑜, 陈毅文. 互联网员工心理健康素养与职业倦怠间的调节中介效应. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(3): 289-295.

CHEN Kaiyu, CHEN Yiwen. Moderated mediation effect between mental health literacy and job burnout among internet employees. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(3): 289-295.

图/表 6

参考文献 48

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项目	人数	心理健康素养	职业倦怠	健康促进生活方式	工作环境
性别
男	452	3.16±0.31	2.86±0.95	3.71±0.45	4.07±0.41
女	184	3.20±0.28	2.67±0.88	3.70±0.46	4.08±0.43
t值		-1.448	2.360	0.188	-0.034
P		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
年龄（岁）
18~<26	43	3.09±0.29	3.39±1.07	3.48±0.48	3.80±0.51
26~<31	158	3.20±0.28	3.03±0.93	3.64±0.47	3.97±0.45
31~<41	405	3.17±0.30	2.67±0.88	3.75±0.44	4.13±0.37
41~<51	27	3.17±0.33	2.64±1.01	3.76±0.32	4.16±0.42
≥51	3	2.94±0.35	1.91±0.60	4.06±0.53	4.39±0.05
F值		1.473	8.216	4.995	8.195
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
学历
高中/中专	2	2.77±0.16	3.33±0.66	3.38±0.67	3.63±0.53
大专	28	3.06±0.20	3.32±0.98	3.39±0.44	3.85±0.52
本科	535	3.18±0.30	2.76±0.93	3.72±0.45	4.08±0.41
硕士	68	3.17±0.31	2.94±0.87	3.70±0.41	4.12±0.34
博士	3	3.50±0.14	2.11±0.28	4.19±0.09	4.44±0.21
F值		2.871	3.409	4.928	3.604
P		>0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
未婚	108	3.18±0.30	3.20±1.00	3.52±0.48	3.87±0.48
已婚	528	3.17±0.30	2.72±0.90	3.75±0.44	4.12±0.39
t值		4.970	20.722	-4.930	-5.720
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
互联网从业年限（年）
0~<1	7	3.03±0.33	3.94±1.62	3.18±0.53	3.32±0.64
1~<3	100	3.19±0.28	3.25±0.89	3.57±0.43	3.91±0.40
3~<5	164	3.15±0.27	2.93±0.86	3.65±0.42	4.03±0.38
5~<10	286	3.18±0.31	2.66±0.90	3.75±0.47	4.13±0.42
≥10	79	3.2±0.36	2.39±0.88	3.87±0.39	4.23±0.31
F值		0.743	15.801	9.174	15.892
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
工作岗位
技术/研发类	285	3.17±0.31	2.82±0.94	3.73±0.46	4.08±0.42
产品/运营类	159	3.23±0.30	2.73±0.88	3.68±0.47	4.09±0.41
市场/营销类	57	3.11±0.32	3.09±0.94	3.60±0.43	3.96±0.40
测试/设计类	77	3.10±0.29	2.82±1.05	3.74±0.46	4.11±0.40
人事/行政/财务类	58	3.21±0.25	2.62±0.84	3.71±0.37	4.05±0.41
F值		3.486	2.227	1.259	1.259
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

项目	人数	心理健康素养	职业倦怠	健康促进生活方式	工作环境
性别
男	452	3.16±0.31	2.86±0.95	3.71±0.45	4.07±0.41
女	184	3.20±0.28	2.67±0.88	3.70±0.46	4.08±0.43
t值		-1.448	2.360	0.188	-0.034
P		>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
年龄（岁）
18~<26	43	3.09±0.29	3.39±1.07	3.48±0.48	3.80±0.51
26~<31	158	3.20±0.28	3.03±0.93	3.64±0.47	3.97±0.45
31~<41	405	3.17±0.30	2.67±0.88	3.75±0.44	4.13±0.37
41~<51	27	3.17±0.33	2.64±1.01	3.76±0.32	4.16±0.42
≥51	3	2.94±0.35	1.91±0.60	4.06±0.53	4.39±0.05
F值		1.473	8.216	4.995	8.195
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
学历
高中/中专	2	2.77±0.16	3.33±0.66	3.38±0.67	3.63±0.53
大专	28	3.06±0.20	3.32±0.98	3.39±0.44	3.85±0.52
本科	535	3.18±0.30	2.76±0.93	3.72±0.45	4.08±0.41
硕士	68	3.17±0.31	2.94±0.87	3.70±0.41	4.12±0.34
博士	3	3.50±0.14	2.11±0.28	4.19±0.09	4.44±0.21
F值		2.871	3.409	4.928	3.604
P		>0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
未婚	108	3.18±0.30	3.20±1.00	3.52±0.48	3.87±0.48
已婚	528	3.17±0.30	2.72±0.90	3.75±0.44	4.12±0.39
t值		4.970	20.722	-4.930	-5.720
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
互联网从业年限（年）
0~<1	7	3.03±0.33	3.94±1.62	3.18±0.53	3.32±0.64
1~<3	100	3.19±0.28	3.25±0.89	3.57±0.43	3.91±0.40
3~<5	164	3.15±0.27	2.93±0.86	3.65±0.42	4.03±0.38
5~<10	286	3.18±0.31	2.66±0.90	3.75±0.47	4.13±0.42
≥10	79	3.2±0.36	2.39±0.88	3.87±0.39	4.23±0.31
F值		0.743	15.801	9.174	15.892
P		>0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
工作岗位
技术/研发类	285	3.17±0.31	2.82±0.94	3.73±0.46	4.08±0.42
产品/运营类	159	3.23±0.30	2.73±0.88	3.68±0.47	4.09±0.41
市场/营销类	57	3.11±0.32	3.09±0.94	3.60±0.43	3.96±0.40
测试/设计类	77	3.10±0.29	2.82±1.05	3.74±0.46	4.11±0.40
人事/行政/财务类	58	3.21±0.25	2.62±0.84	3.71±0.37	4.05±0.41
F值		3.486	2.227	1.259	1.259
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	r值
变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	心理健康素养	职业倦怠	健康促进生活方式	工作环境
心理健康素养	3.17±0.30	1.000
职业倦怠	2.80±0.94	-0.369^a	1.000
健康促进生活方式	3.71±0.45	0.321^a	-0.506^a	1.000
工作环境	4.07±0.42	0.337^a	-0.596^a	0.628^a	1.000

变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	r值
变量	得分（$\bar{x}±s$）	心理健康素养	职业倦怠	健康促进生活方式	工作环境
心理健康素养	3.17±0.30	1.000
职业倦怠	2.80±0.94	-0.369^a	1.000
健康促进生活方式	3.71±0.45	0.321^a	-0.506^a	1.000
工作环境	4.07±0.42	0.337^a	-0.596^a	0.628^a	1.000

变量	健康促进生活方式				职业倦怠
变量	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7
性别	-0.009	-0.028	-0.017	-0.005	-0.093	-0.072	-0.082
年龄	-0.007	-0.002	-0.032	-0.017	-0.041	-0.047	-0.048
学历	0.057	0.032	0.011	0.016	0.010	0.039	0.051
婚姻	0.109	0.119	0.060	0.051	-0.054	-0.067	-0.021
互联网年限	0.173^a	0.158^a	0.057	0.038	-0.252^a	-0.235^a	-0.174^a
心理健康素养		0.315^a	0.130^a	0.111^a		-0.360^a	-0.239^a
工作环境			0.561^a	0.611^a
心理健康素养×工作环境				0.127^a
健康促进生活方式							-0.383^a
调整后R²	0.057	0.155	0.408	0.420	0.096	0.224	0.347
R²	0.065	0.098	0.251	0.014	0.103	0.128	0.123
F值	8.701^a	73.778^a	269.307^a	15.052^a	14.498^a	104.978^a	119.455^a